119-s542

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 542 Introduced in Senate

    (IS) ]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
 1st Session
 S. 542

 To declare English as the official language of the United States, to 
 establish a uniform English language rule for naturalization, and to 
avoid misconstructions of the English language texts of the laws of the 
United States, pursuant to Congress' powers to provide for the general 
 welfare of the United States and to establish a uniform rule of 
 naturalization under article I, 

section 8, of the Constitution.

_______________________________________________________________________

 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

 February 12, 2025

 Mr. Moreno introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs

_______________________________________________________________________

 A BILL

 To declare English as the official language of the United States, to 
 establish a uniform English language rule for naturalization, and to 
avoid misconstructions of the English language texts of the laws of the 
United States, pursuant to Congress' powers to provide for the general 
 welfare of the United States and to establish a uniform rule of 
 naturalization under article I, 

section 8, of the Constitution.

 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

 This Act may be cited as the ``English Language Unity Act of 
2025''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

 Congress finds and declares the following:

    (1) The United States is comprised of individuals from 
 diverse ethnic, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds.

    (2) Throughout the history of the United States, a common 
 thread binding citizens of differing backgrounds has been the 
 English language.

    (3) Among the powers reserved to the States respectively is 
 the power to establish the English language as the official 
 language of the respective States, and otherwise to promote the 
 English language within the respective States, subject to the 
 prohibitions enumerated in the Constitution of the United 
 States and in laws of the respective States.

SEC. 3. ENGLISH AS OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF THE UNITED STATES.

    (a) In General.--Title 4, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:

 ``CHAPTER 6--OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

``

Sec. 161. Official language of the United States
 ``The official language of the United States is English.
``

Sec. 162. Preserving and enhancing the role of the official language
 ``Representatives of the Federal Government shall have an 
affirmative obligation to preserve and enhance the role of English as 
the official language of the Federal Government. Such obligation shall 
include encouraging greater opportunities for individuals to learn the 
English language.
``

Sec. 163. Official functions of Government to be conducted in English
 ``

    (a) Scope.--For the purposes of this section--
 ``

    (1) the term `official' refers to any function that--
 ``
        (A) binds the Government;
 ``
        (B) is required by law; or
 ``
            (C) is otherwise subject to scrutiny by either 
 the press or the public; and
 ``

    (2) the term `United States' means the several States and 
 the District of Columbia.
 ``

    (b) Official Functions.--The official functions of the Government 
of the United States shall be conducted in English.
 ``
            (c) Practical Effect.--This section--
 ``

    (1) shall apply to all laws, public proceedings, 
 regulations, publications, orders, actions, programs, and 
 policies; and
 ``

    (2) shall not apply to--
 ``
        (A) teaching of languages;
 ``
        (B) requirements under the Individuals with 
 Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.);
 ``
            (C) actions, documents, or policies necessary for 
 national security, international relations, trade, 
 tourism, or commerce;
 ``
            (D) actions or documents that protect the public 
 health and safety;
 ``
        (E) actions or documents that facilitate the 
 activities of the Bureau of the Census in compiling any 
 census of population;
 ``
        (F) actions that protect the rights of victims of 
 crimes or criminal defendants; or
 ``
        (G) using terms of art or phrases from languages 
 other than English.
``

Sec. 164. Uniform English language rule for naturalization
 ``

    (a) Uniform Language Testing Standard.--All citizens of the 
United States should be able to read and understand generally the 
English language text of the Declaration of Independence, the 
Constitution of the United States, and the laws of the United States 
made in pursuance of the Constitution of the United States.
 ``

    (b) Ceremonies.--All naturalization ceremonies shall be conducted 
in English.
``

Sec. 165. Rules of construction
 ``Nothing in this chapter shall be construed--
 ``

    (1) to prohibit a Member of Congress or any officer or 
 agent of the Federal Government, while performing official 
 functions under 

section 163, from communicating unofficially 
 through any medium with another person in a language other than 
 English (as long as official functions are performed in 
 English);
 ``

    (2) to limit the preservation or use of Native Alaskan or 
 Native American languages (as defined in the Native American 
 Languages Act (25 U.S.C. 2901 et seq.));
 ``

    (3) to disparage any language or to discourage any person 
 from learning or using a language; or
 ``

    (4) to be inconsistent with the Constitution of the 
 United States.
``

Sec. 166. Standing
 ``A person injured by a violation of this chapter may in a civil 
action (including an action under chapter 151 of title 28) obtain 
appropriate relief.''.

    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of chapters at the beginning of 
title 4, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to chapter 5 the following:

 ``Chapter 6. Official Language''.

SEC. 4. GENERAL RULES OF CONSTRUCTION FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEXTS OF THE 
 LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 1, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``

Sec. 9. General rules of construction for laws of the United States
 ``

    (a) English language requirements and workplace policies, whether 
in the public or private sector, shall be presumptively consistent with 
the laws of the United States.
 ``

    (b) Any ambiguity in the English language text of the laws of the 
United States shall be resolved, in accordance with the last two 
articles of the Bill of Rights, not to deny or disparage rights 
retained by the people, and to reserve powers to the States 
respectively, or to the people.''.

    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of 
chapter 1 of title 1, United States Code, is amended by inserting after 
the item relating to 

section 8 the following:

``9. General rules of construction for laws of the United States.''.

SEC. 5. IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS.

 Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Homeland Security shall issue for public notice and 
comment a proposed rule for uniform testing English language ability of 
candidates for naturalization, which shall be based upon the principles 
that--

    (1) all citizens of the United States should be able to 
 read and understand generally the English language text of the 
 Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United 
 States, and the laws of the United States which are made in 
 pursuance thereof; and

    (2) any exceptions to the standard described in paragraph

    (1) should be limited to extraordinary circumstances.

SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE.

 The amendments made by sections 3 and 4 shall take effect on the 
date that is 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
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