119-s2386

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2386 Introduced in Senate

    (IS) ]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
 1st Session
 S. 2386

To limit the use of Federal law enforcement officers for crowd control, 
 and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

 July 22, 2025

 Mr. Merkley (for himself, Mr. Wyden, Mr. Van Hollen, Ms. Hirono, Ms. 
Duckworth, Mrs. Murray, and Ms. Warren) introduced the following bill; 
 which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

 A BILL

To limit the use of Federal law enforcement officers for crowd control, 
 and for other purposes.

 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

 This Act may be cited as the ``Preventing Authoritarian Policing 
Tactics on America's Streets Act''.

SEC. 2. LIMITATION ON USE OF FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS FOR CROWD 
 CONTROL.

    (a) 

=== Definitions. ===
-In this section--

    (1) the term ``Federal law enforcement officer'' means--
        (A) an employee or officer in a position in the 
 executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the 
 Federal Government who is authorized by law to engage 
 in or supervise a law enforcement function; or
        (B) an employee or officer of a contractor or 
 subcontractor (at any tier) of an agency in the 
 executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the 
 Federal Government who is authorized by law or under 
 the contract with the agency to engage in or supervise 
 a law enforcement function;

    (2) the term ``law enforcement function'' means the 
 prevention, detection, or investigation of, or the prosecution 
 or incarceration of any person for, any violation of law; and

    (3) the term ``member of an armed force'' means a member of 
 any of the armed forces, as defined in 

section 101

    (a)

    (4) of 
 title 10, United States Code, or a member of the National 
 Guard, as defined in 

section 101

    (3) of title 32, United States 
 Code.

    (b) Required Identification.--

    (1) In general.--Each Federal law enforcement officer or 
 member of an armed force who is engaged in any form of crowd 
 control, riot control, or arrest or detainment of individuals 
 engaged in an act of civil disobedience, demonstration, 
 protest, or riot in the United States shall at all times 
 display identifying information in a clearly visible fashion, 
 which shall include the Federal agency and the last name or 
 unique identifier of the Federal law enforcement officer or for 
 a member of an armed force, the last name or unique identifier 
 and rank of the member.

    (2) Specific prohibitions.--
        (A) Covering of identifying information.--A Federal 
 law enforcement officer or member of an armed force may 
 not tape over or otherwise obscure or conceal the 
 identifying information required under paragraph

    (1) while the officer or member is engaged in any form of 
 law enforcement activity described in paragraph

    (1) .
        (B) Use of unmarked vehicles.--A Federal law 
 enforcement officer or member of an armed force may not 
 use an unmarked vehicle for the apprehension, 
 detention, or arrest of civilians while the officer or 
 member is engaged in any form of law enforcement 
 activity described in paragraph

    (1) .
            (c) Limitation on Crowd Control Authority.--

    (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph

    (2) , a 
 Federal law enforcement officer or member of an armed force may 
 only be authorized to perform any form of crowd control, riot 
 control, or arrest or detainment of individuals engaged in an 
 act of civil disobedience, demonstration, protest, or riot on 
 Federal property or in the immediate vicinity thereof, which 
 shall include the sidewalk and the public street immediately 
 adjacent to any Federal building or property.

    (2) Exceptions.--
        (A) State and local request for assistance.--
 Paragraph

    (1) shall not apply to a Federal law 
 enforcement officer or member of an armed force if the 
 Governor of a State and the head of a unit of local 
 government jointly request, in writing, Federal law 
 enforcement support.
        (B) Insurrection act.--If chapter 13 of title 10, 
 United States Code (commonly known as the 
 ``Insurrection Act of 1807'') is invoked, paragraph

    (1) shall not apply.
            (d) Limitation on Arrest Authority.--It shall be unlawful for a 
Federal law enforcement officer or member of an armed force to arrest 
an individual in the United States if the Federal law enforcement 
officer or member of an armed force is conducting a law enforcement 
function in violation of subsection

    (b) or
            (c) .

    (e) Notice to the Public.--Not later than 24 hours after deployment 
of a Federal law enforcement officer or member of an armed force in 
response to any crowd control incident, riot, or public disturbance, 
the Federal agency or armed force responsible for such deployment shall 
publish prominent public notice on that public facing website of the 
agency or armed force that includes the following information:

    (1) The date of deployment of personnel for crowd control 
 purposes.

    (2) The number of Federal law enforcement officers of the 
 agency or members of the armed force in each city, town, or 
 locality functioning in a law enforcement capacity.

    (3) A description of the specific nature of the mission.

    (4) The location of any civilians being detained by the 
 Federal law enforcement officers or members of the armed force 
 deployed, and under whose custody the civilians are being held.

    (5) A copy of a written request for assistance described in 
 subsection
            (c) (2)
        (A) , if such request was made.
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