119-s2191

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2191 Introduced in Senate

    (IS) ]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
 1st Session
 S. 2191

 To amend title 18, United States Code, to prevent bulk sales of 
 ammunition, promote recordkeeping and reporting about ammunition, end 
ammunition straw purchasing, and require a background check before the 
 transfer of ammunition by certain Federal firearms licensees to non-
 licensees.

_______________________________________________________________________

 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

 June 26 (legislative day, June 24), 2025

Ms. Warren (for herself, Mr. Blumenthal, and Ms. Hirono) introduced the 
 following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 
 the Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

 A BILL

 To amend title 18, United States Code, to prevent bulk sales of 
 ammunition, promote recordkeeping and reporting about ammunition, end 
ammunition straw purchasing, and require a background check before the 
 transfer of ammunition by certain Federal firearms licensees to non-
 licensees.

 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

 This Act may be cited as the ``Ammunition Modernization and 
Monitoring Oversight Act'' or the ``AMMO Act''.

SEC. 2. FEDERAL LICENSE REQUIRED TO DEAL IN AMMUNITION.

    (a) In General.--

Section 922

    (a)

    (1)
        (B) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended--

    (1) by striking ``or licensed manufacturer'' and inserting 
 ``, licensed manufacturer, or licensed dealer''; and

    (2) by striking ``or manufacturing'' and inserting ``, 
 manufacturing, or dealing in''.

    (b) Conforming Amendments.--

    (1) Definition of dealer.--

Section 921

    (a)

    (11)
        (A) of title 
 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting ``or 
 ammunition'' after ``firearms''.

    (2) License fee.--

Section 923

    (a)

    (3)
        (B) of title 18, United 
 States Code, is amended by striking ``who is not a dealer in 
 destructive devices'' and inserting ``in firearms other than 
 destructive devices or ammunition for firearms other than 
 destructive devices''.

SEC. 3. AMMUNITION RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENT FOR CERTAIN LICENSEES.

 

Section 923

    (g)

    (1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--

    (1) in subparagraph
        (A) , in the first sentence, by 
 inserting ``or ammunition'' after ``firearms'';

    (2) in subparagraph
        (B)
            (iii) , by inserting ``, or of 
 ammunition,'' after ``firearms''; and

    (3) in subparagraph
            (C) 
            (ii) , by inserting ``, or of 
 ammunition,'' after ``firearms''.

SEC. 4. PROHIBITION ON STRAW PURCHASE OF AMMUNITION.

 

Section 932 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--

    (1) in subsection

    (b) , by inserting ``or ammunition'' after 
 ``firearm'' each place it appears; and

    (2) in subsection
            (c) (2) , by inserting ``or ammunition'' 
 after ``firearm''.

SEC. 5. RESTRICTION ON BULK AMMUNITION SALES.

    (a) In General.--

Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
 ``

    (aa) Restriction on Bulk Ammunition Sales.--
 ``

    (1) In general.--It shall be unlawful for any person 
 licensed under this chapter to transfer to a person not so 
 licensed--
 ``
        (A) during any 5-day period--
 ``
            (i) more than 100 rounds of .50 caliber 
 ammunition; or
 ``
            (ii) more than 1,000 rounds of any other 
 caliber of ammunition; or
 ``
        (B) any ammunition if--
 ``
            (i) the transferee has not provided to 
 the transferor a written certification, signed 
 by the transferee, attesting that the purchase 
 of the ammunition would not result in the 
 transferee having acquired, during the 5-day 
 period ending on the date of the transfer--
 ``
            (I) more than 100 rounds of .50 
 caliber ammunition; or
 ``
            (II) more than 1,000 rounds of 
 any other caliber of ammunition; or
 ``
            (ii) the transferor knows or has reason 
 to believe that the transfer would result in 
 the transferee having acquired, during the 5-
 day period ending on the date of the transfer--
 ``
            (I) more than 100 rounds of .50 
 caliber ammunition; or
 ``
            (II) more than 1,000 rounds of 
 any other caliber of ammunition.
 ``

    (2) Administrative requirements.--
 ``
        (A) Identification document; attorney general 
 form.--It shall be unlawful for a person licensed under 
 this chapter to transfer ammunition to a person not so 
 licensed, unless the transferee--
 ``
            (i) has presented to the licensee a valid 
 identification document (as defined in 

section 1028
            (d) ) on which appears--
 ``
            (I) the name and address of the 
 transferee;
 ``
            (II) a number unique to the 
 transferee; and
 ``
            (III) the signature of the 
 transferee; and
 ``
            (ii) has entered the name, address, and 
 signature of the transferee on, and otherwise 
 completed, such form as the Attorney General 
 shall prescribe, which shall include--
 ``
            (I) the written certification 
 described in paragraph

    (1)
        (B)
            (i) ; and
 ``
            (II) a statement of the penalties 
 for violating this subsection.
 ``
        (B) False statement or identification.--It shall 
 be unlawful for any person in connection with the 
 purchase or attempted purchase of ammunition to 
 knowingly make any false or fictitious oral or written 
 statement or to furnish or exhibit any false, 
 fictitious, or misrepresented identification, intended 
 or likely to deceive the seller with respect to any 
 fact material to the lawfulness of the sale of the 
 ammunition under this chapter.
 ``
            (C) Transmission of form to attorney general.--
 ``
            (i) In general.--Not later than 30 days 
 after the date on which a person licensed under 
 this chapter transfers ammunition in a 
 transaction subject to paragraph

    (1) , the 
 licensee shall transmit to the Attorney General 
 a paper or electronic copy of the form 
 completed by the transferee pursuant to 
 subparagraph
        (A) of this paragraph.
 ``
            (ii) Determination of violation.--The 
 Attorney General shall determine, on the basis 
 of the forms transmitted pursuant to clause
            (i) of this subparagraph, whether a transfer of 
 ammunition has been made in violation of 
 paragraph

    (1)
        (A) .
 ``
            (iii) Destruction of form.--Not later 
 than 60 days after receipt of a form pursuant 
 to clause
            (i) , the Attorney General shall 
 destroy the form unless the form is needed in 
 an ongoing bona fide criminal investigation or 
 prosecution.
 ``
            (D) Recordkeeping requirement.--A licensee who 
 transfers ammunition in a transaction subject to 
 paragraph

    (1) shall keep the form referred to in 
 subparagraph
            (C) of this paragraph in paper or 
 electronic form for not fewer than 2 years.''.

    (b) Penalties.--

Section 924

    (a) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
 ``

    (9)
        (A) If a person licensed under this chapter knowingly violates 
paragraph

    (1) or

    (2)
        (A) of 

section 922

    (aa) --
 ``
            (i) in the case of the first violation, the person shall 
 be fined not less than $50,000 and not more than $250,000;
 ``
            (ii) in the case of the second violation, the person 
 shall be prohibited from selling a firearm or ammunition for 60 
 days; or
 ``
            (iii) in the case of the third violation, all licenses 
 issued to the person under this chapter shall be revoked.
 ``
        (B) A person who knowingly violates 

section 922

    (aa)

    (2)
        (B) shall 
be--
 ``
            (i) fined not more than--
 ``
            (I) $20,000, in the case of the first violation; 
 or
 ``
            (II) $50,000, in the case of any subsequent 
 violation;
 ``
            (ii) imprisoned not more than 5 years; or
 ``
            (iii) both.
 ``
            (C) A person who knowingly violates subparagraph
            (C) 
            (i) or
            (D) of 

section 922

    (aa)

    (2) shall be fined not more than $10,000.''.
            (c) Signage Requirement.--

    (1) In general.--

Section 923

    (g) of title 18, United States 
 Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
 ``

    (8) Each person licensed under this chapter shall post at the 
premises of the licensee subject to the license a sign on which there 
is set forth, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Attorney 
General--
 ``
        (A) a summary of paragraphs

    (1) and

    (2)
        (B) of 

section 922

    (aa) , and the penalties for making false statements on a 
 written certification made pursuant to 

section 922

    (aa)

    (1)
        (B)
            (i) ; and
 ``
        (B) a summary of the provisions of 

section 932 relating 
 to ammunition, and the penalties for violating those 
 provisions.''.

    (2) Penalty.--

Section 924 of title 18, United States Code, 
 is amended by adding at the end the following:
 ``

    (q) Civil Penalty for Failure of Licensee To Post Sign About 
Restrictions on Ammunition Sales.--
 ``

    (1) In general.--
 ``
        (A) Civil penalty.--With respect to each 
 violation of 

section 923

    (g)

    (8) by a person licensed 
 under this chapter, the Attorney General may, after 
 notice and opportunity for hearing, subject the 
 licensee to a civil penalty in an amount equal to 
 $10,000.
 ``
        (B) Review.--The imposition of a civil penalty 
 under subparagraph
        (A) may be reviewed only as provided 
 under 

section 923

    (f) .
 ``

    (2) Administrative remedies.--The imposition of a civil 
 penalty under paragraph

    (1) shall not preclude any 
 administrative remedy that is otherwise available to the 
 Attorney General.''.

SEC. 6. BACKGROUND CHECK REQUIRED BEFORE TRANSFER OF AMMUNITION BY 
 CERTAIN FEDERAL FIREARMS LICENSEES TO NON-LICENSEES.

    (a) In General.--

Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended--

    (1) by striking subsection

    (s) and redesignating subsection

    (t) as subsection

    (s) ;

    (2) in subsection

    (s) (as so redesignated)--
        (A) in paragraph

    (1)
        (B)
            (i) , by inserting 
 ``indicating that the receipt of a firearm or 
 ammunition by such other person would not violate 
 subsection

    (g) or

    (n) of this section, or State, local, 
 or Tribal law'' before the semicolon;
        (B) in paragraph

    (3)
            (C) 
            (ii) , by striking ``(as 
 defined in subsection

    (s)

    (8) )''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
 ``

    (7) In this subsection, the term `chief law enforcement officer' 
means the chief of police, the sheriff, or an equivalent officer or the 
designee of any such individual.''; and

    (3) by inserting after subsection

    (s) (as so redesignated) 
 the following:
 ``

    (t)

    (1) A licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed 
dealer shall not transfer ammunition to another person not licensed 
under this chapter, unless--
 ``
        (A) before the completion of the transfer, the licensee 
 contacts the national instant criminal background check system 
 established under 

section 103 of the Brady Handgun Violence 
 Prevention Act (34 U.S.C. 40901);
 ``
        (B) the system provides the licensee with a unique 
 identification number indicating--
 ``
            (i) that the receipt of a firearm or ammunition 
 by such other person would not violate subsection

    (g) or

    (n) of this section, or State, local, or Tribal law; 
 and
 ``
            (ii) if such other person has not attained 21 
 years of age, that a transfer of a firearm or 
 ammunition to such other person would not violate 
 subsection
            (d) of this section; and
 ``
            (C) the licensee has verified the identity of such other 
 person by examining a valid identification document (as defined 
 in 

section 1028
            (d) of this title) of such other person 
 containing a photograph of such other person.
 ``

    (2) Paragraph

    (1) shall not apply to an ammunition transfer 
between a licensee and another person if--
 ``
        (A) such other person has presented to the licensee a 
 permit that--
 ``
            (i) allows such other person to possess or 
 acquire ammunition, or to possess or acquire a firearm; 
 and
 ``
            (ii) was issued not more than 5 years earlier by 
 the State in which the transfer is to take place; and
 ``
        (B) the law of the State provides that such a permit is 
 to be issued only after an authorized government official has 
 verified that the information available to such official does 
 not indicate that possession of ammunition by such other person 
 would be in violation of law.
 ``

    (3) Paragraphs

    (2) and

    (4) through

    (7) of subsection

    (s) shall 
apply with respect to ammunition transfers pursuant to this subsection 
in the same manner in which such paragraphs apply with respect to 
firearm transfers.
 ``

    (4) It shall be unlawful for a licensed importer, licensed 
manufacturer, or licensed dealer to transfer possession of ammunition 
to another person not so licensed unless--
 ``
        (A) the licensee has provided such other person with a 
 notice of the prohibition under paragraph

    (1) ; and
 ``
        (B) such other person has certified that such other 
 person has been provided with the notice described in 
 subparagraph
        (A) on a form prescribed by the Attorney 
 General.''.

    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--

    (1) Section 922.--

Section 922

    (y)

    (2) of title 18, United 
 States Code, is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph
        (A) , by striking ``,

    (g)

    (5)
        (B) , and

    (s)

    (3)
        (B)
            (v) 
            (II) '' and 
 inserting ``and

    (g)

    (5)
        (B) ''.

    (2) Section 925a.--

Section 925A of title 18, United States 
 Code, is amended by striking ``subsection

    (s) or

    (t) of 

section 922'' and inserting ``

section 922

    (s) ''.

    (3) Section 925b.--

Section 925B of title 18, United States 
 Code, is amended by striking ``

section 922

    (t) '' each place it 
 appears and inserting ``

section 922

    (s) ''.

    (4) Brady handgun violence prevention act.--

Section 103
            (l) of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (34 U.S.C. 
 40901
            (l) ) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph

    (1) , by 
 striking ``

    (t) '' and inserting ``

    (s) ''.

    (5) Consolidated and further continuing appropriations act, 
 2012.--

Section 511 of title V of division B of the Consolidated 
 and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (34 U.S.C. 
 40901 note; Public Law 112-55) is amended by striking 
 ``subsection 922

    (t) '' each place it appears and inserting 
 ``subsection

    (s) or

    (t) of 

section 922''.

    (6) NICS improvement amendments act of 2007.--

Section 103

    (f) of the NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007 (34 
 U.S.C. 40913

    (f) ) is amended by striking ``922

    (t) '' and 
 inserting ``922

    (s) ''.
            (c) Rules of Construction.--Nothing in this section, or any 
amendment made by this section, shall be construed to--

    (1) authorize the establishment, directly or indirectly, of 
 a national firearms or ammunition registry; or

    (2) interfere with the authority of a State, under 

section 927 of title 18, United States Code, to enact a law on the same 
 subject matter as this section.
            (d) Authorization of Increased Funding for the NICS System.--In 
addition to any amount otherwise authorized to be appropriated for the 
national instant criminal background check system established under 

section 103 of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (34 U.S.C. 
40901), there are authorized to be appropriated not more than 
$150,000,000 for upgrading and maintaining the system.

SEC. 7. REPORTING REQUIREMENT.

 Not later than 180 days after the effective date under 

section 8 
and annually thereafter, the Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, 
Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives shall prepare, publish in the Federal 
Register, and otherwise make available to the public a report on the 
violations of subsection

    (aa) of 

section 922 of title 18, United States 
Code, as added by 

section 5, that occurred during the period covered by 
the report, and the information reported pursuant to paragraph

    (2)
            (C) of such subsection (including geographic data, total sales data, crime 
statistics, information on repeat offenders, or caliber types involved) 
during the period covered by the report, which shall include an 
identification of any trend in the violations or information that 
Federal, State, or local law enforcement agencies may find useful.

SEC. 8. EFFECTIVE DATE.

 The amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the date that 
is 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
 <all>