119-s1626

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1626 Reported in Senate

    (RS) ]

<DOC>

 Calendar No. 249
119th CONGRESS
 1st Session
 S. 1626

 [Report No. 119-92]

 To reauthorize the National Landslide Preparedness Act, and for other 
 purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

 May 6, 2025

 Ms. Murkowski (for herself and Ms. Cantwell) introduced the following 
 bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, 
 Science, and Transportation

 November 3, 2025

 Reported by Mr. Cruz, with an amendment
 [Omit the part struck through and insert the part printed in italic]

_______________________________________________________________________

 A BILL

 To reauthorize the National Landslide Preparedness Act, and for other 
 purposes.

 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

 This Act may be cited as the ``National Landslide Preparedness Act 
Reauthorization Act of 2025''.

SEC. 2. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS UNDER FLOOD LEVEL OBSERVATION, OPERATIONS, 
 AND DECISION SUPPORT ACT.

    (a) 

=== Definitions. ===
-

Section 12

    (a) of the Flood Level Observation, 
Operations, and Decision Support Act (15 U.S.C. 9707

    (a) ) is amended--

    (1) by redesignating paragraphs

    (1) and

    (2) as paragraphs

    (4) and

    (5) , respectively; and

    (2) by inserting before paragraph

    (4) (as so redesignated) 
 the following:
 ``

    (1) Atmospheric river.--The term `atmospheric river' 
 means a transient corridor of strong water vapor in the 
 atmosphere that--
 ``
        (A) produces significant quantities of rain or 
 snow; and
 ``
        (B) may be primarily beneficial to the water 
 supply or hazardous due to flooding.
 ``

    (2) Atmospheric river flooding event.--The term 
 `atmospheric river flooding event' means an atmospheric river 
 that--
 ``
        (A) results in flooding of rivers and streams or 
 other hazards to human life, property, or the economy; 
 and
 ``
        (B) is of particular concern to human health, 
 property, and the economy, as determined by the 
 Secretary of Commerce.
 ``

    (3) Extreme precipitation event.--The term `extreme 
 precipitation event' means precipitation quantities exceeding 
 the 5-year annual recurrence interval for a specific 
 location.''.

    (b) Requirements.--

Section 12
            (d) (1) of the Flood Level Observation, 
Operations, and Decision Support Act (15 U.S.C. 9707
            (d) (1) ) is amended 
by inserting ``, such as precipitation resulting from hurricanes, 
atmospheric river flooding events, and extreme precipitation events'' 
before the period at the end.

<DELETED>

SEC. 3. REAUTHORIZATION OF NATIONAL LANDSLIDE PREPAREDNESS 
 ACT.</DELETED>

<DELETED>

    (a) 

=== Definitions. ===
-

Section 2 of the National Landslide 
Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3101) is amended--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (1) by redesignating paragraphs

    (4) through

    (11) as paragraphs

    (7) ,

    (8) ,

    (10) ,

    (11) ,

    (13) ,

    (14) ,

    (15) , and

    (16) , 
 respectively;</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (2) by inserting after paragraph

    (3) the 
 following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``

    (4) Atmospheric river.--The term `atmospheric 
 river' has the meaning given the term in 

section 12

    (a) of the 
 Flood Level Observation, Operations, and Decision Support Act 
 (15 U.S.C. 9707

    (a) ).</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``

    (5) Atmospheric river flooding event.--The term 
 `atmospheric river flooding event' has the meaning given the 
 term in 

section 12

    (a) of the Flood Level Observation, 
 Operations, and Decision Support Act (15 U.S.C. 
 9707

    (a) ).</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``

    (6) Extreme precipitation event.--The term 
 `extreme precipitation event' has the meaning given the term in 
 

section 12

    (a) of the Flood Level Observation, Operations, and 
 Decision Support Act (15 U.S.C. 9707

    (a) ).'';</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (3) by inserting after paragraph

    (8) , as so 
 redesignated, the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``

    (9) Institution of higher education.--The term 
 `institution of higher education' has the meaning given the 
 term in 

section 101

    (a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
 U.S.C. 1001

    (a) ).'';</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (4) by inserting after paragraph

    (11) , as so 
 redesignated, the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``

    (12) Native hawaiian organization.--The term 
 `Native Hawaiian organization' has the meaning given the term 
 in 

section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 
 of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517), except that the term includes the 
 Department of Hawaiian Home Lands and the Office of Hawaiian 
 Affairs.''; and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (5) by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``

    (17) Tribal organization.--The term `Tribal 
 organization' has the meaning given the term in 

section 4 of 
 the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 
 U.S.C. 5304).''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>

    (b) National Landslide Hazards Reduction Program.--
</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (1) Establishment.--

Section 3

    (a)

    (3) of the 
 National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102

    (a)

    (3) ) is 
 amended by striking ``protect'' and inserting ``contribute to 
 protecting''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (2) Program activities.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (1)
            (C) 
            (ii) of 
 the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 
 3102

    (b)

    (1)
            (C) 
            (ii) ) is amended by striking ``implement'' and 
 inserting ``disseminate''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (3) National strategy.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (2) of the 
 National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102

    (b)

    (2) ) is 
 amended--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs
        (A) through
            (C) as clauses
            (i) through
            (iii) , respectively, 
 and indenting appropriately;</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (B) in the matter preceding clause
            (i) (as 
 so redesignated), by striking ``Not later than'' and 
 inserting the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
        (A) In general.--Not later than''; 
 and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (C) by adding at the end the 
 following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
        (B) Assessment.--For purposes of the 
 first national strategy published after the date of 
 enactment of the National Landslide Preparedness Act 
 Reauthorization Act of 2025 under subparagraph
        (A) , the 
 Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of 
 Commerce, shall include an assessment of the risks that 
 atmospheric river flooding events and extreme 
 precipitation events pose to the safety of life and 
 property in the United States with respect to landslide 
 hazards.''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (4) National landslide hazards database.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (3) of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 
 3102

    (b)

    (3) ) is amended--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs
            (C) and
            (D) as subparagraphs
            (D) and
        (E) , respectively; 
 and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (B) by inserting after subparagraph
        (B) the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (C) the identification of areas in need 
 of additional hazard risk assessment, including areas 
 that may be at risk due to--</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (i) hydrology or changes in 
 hydrology that may include erosion, drought, or 
 other characteristics that could impact 
 landslide risk;</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (ii) atmospheric river flooding 
 events and extreme precipitation events, as 
 identified by the Secretary of Commerce and the 
 Secretary;</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (iii) geologic activity, such as 
 volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, or tsunamis; 
 or</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (iv) data-poor areas or hazards 
 with poor monitoring that could contribute to 
 increased landslide risk;''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (5) Landslide hazard and risk preparedness for 
 communities.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (4) of the National Landslide 
 Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102

    (b)

    (4) ) is amended--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph
        (A) , by inserting ``Native Hawaiian organizations and 
 other stakeholders, as appropriate,'' before ``and 
 Indian tribes'';</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (B) in subparagraph
        (A) --</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (i) in the matter preceding clause
            (i) , by striking ``local, and Tribal 
 governments and decisionmakers'' and inserting 
 ``and local governments, Indian tribes, Tribal 
 organizations, Native Hawaiian organizations, 
 and other decisionmakers'';</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (ii) by striking clause
            (iii) and 
 inserting the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (iii) health and safety with 
 respect to landslides;'';</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (iii) by redesignating clause
            (iv) as clause
            (v) ; and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (iv) by inserting after clause
            (iii) the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (iv) reducing losses from 
 landslides, including the threats caused by 
 atmospheric rivers and other extreme 
 precipitation events; and''; and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (C) in subparagraph
        (B) --</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (i) in clause
            (i) , by striking 
 ``local, and Tribal officials'' and inserting 
 ``and local officials, Indian tribes, Tribal 
 organizations, and Native Hawaiian 
 organizations''; and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (ii) in clause
            (ii) , by striking 
 ``local, and Tribal emergency managers'' and 
 inserting ``and local emergency managers and 
 emergency managers of Indian tribes, Tribal 
 organizations, and Native Hawaiian 
 organizations''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (6) Debris flow early warning system.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (5) of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 
 3102

    (b)

    (5) ) is amended--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (A) in subparagraph
        (B) , by striking 
 ``State, territorial, local, and Tribal governments'' 
 and inserting ``State, territorial, and local 
 governments, Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, and 
 Native Hawaiian organizations'';</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (B) by redesignating subparagraphs
        (A) through
            (C) as clauses
            (i) through
            (iii) , respectively, 
 and indenting appropriately;</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (C) in the matter preceding clause
            (i) (as 
 so redesignated), by striking ``In carrying out'' and 
 inserting the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
        (A) In general.--In carrying out''; 
 and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (D) by adding at the end the 
 following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
        (B) Consultation.--In carrying out 
 subparagraph
        (A) , the Secretary may consult with an 
 institution of higher education described in subsection
            (d) (2)
        (B)
            (iv) and other stakeholders to establish and 
 support emergency response procedures, as 
 appropriate.''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (7) Emergency response activities.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (6) of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 
 3102

    (b)

    (6) ) is amended--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs
        (A) through
            (C) as clauses
            (i) through
            (iii) , respectively, 
 and indenting appropriately;</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (B) in the matter preceding clause
            (i) (as 
 so redesignated), by striking ``In carrying'' and 
 inserting the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
        (A) In general.--In 
 carrying'';</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (C) in subparagraph
        (A) (as so 
 designated)--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (i) in the matter preceding clause
            (i) (as so redesignated), by inserting ``Native 
 Hawaiian organizations,'' before ``and Indian 
 tribes'';</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (ii) in clause
            (ii) (as so 
 redesignated), by striking ``and'' at the 
 end;</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (iii) in clause
            (iii) (as so 
 redesignated), by striking the period at the 
 end and inserting ``; and''; and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (iv) by adding at the end the 
 following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (iv) to improve real-time risk 
 management during landslide events, including 
 with respect to landslide events caused by--
 </DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (I) hydrology or changes 
 in hydrology that may include erosion, 
 drought, or other characteristics that 
 could impact landslide risk;</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (II) atmospheric river 
 flooding events and extreme 
 precipitation events, as identified by 
 the Secretary of Commerce and the 
 Secretary;</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (III) geologic activity, 
 such as volcanic eruptions, 
 earthquakes, or tsunamis;</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (IV) data-poor areas or 
 hazards with poor monitoring that could 
 contribute to increased landslide risk; 
 or</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (V) thawing permafrost 
 and glacial retreat causing 
 destabilization of slopes.''; 
 and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (D) by adding at the end the 
 following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
        (B) Consultation.--In carrying out 
 subparagraph
        (A) , the Secretary may consult with an 
 institution of higher education described in subsection
            (d) (2)
        (B)
            (iv) and the private sector.''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (8) Interagency coordinating committee on 
 landslide hazards.--

Section 3
            (c) (2) of the National Landslide 
 Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102
            (c) (2) ) is amended by adding at 
 the end the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
        (J) The Administrator of the National 
 Aeronautics and Space Administration.''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (9) Advisory committee.--

Section 3
            (d) (2)
        (B) of the 
 National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102
            (d) (2)
        (B) ) 
 is amended--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (A) in clause
            (iii) , by striking 
 ``geological''; and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (B) in clause
            (vi) , by striking ``local, 
 and Tribal emergency management agencies'' and 
 inserting ``and local emergency management agencies and 
 emergency management agencies of Indian tribes and 
 Native Hawaiian organizations''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (10) Regional partnerships.--

Section 3 of the 
 National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102) is 
 amended--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (A) by redesignating subsections

    (e) through
            (i) as subsections

    (f) through

    (j) , 
 respectively; and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (B) by inserting after subsection
            (d) the 
 following:</DELETED>
<DELETED> ``

    (e) Regional Partnerships.--</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``

    (1) In general.--As soon as practicable after 
 the date of enactment of the National Landslide Preparedness 
 Act Reauthorization Act of 2025, the Secretary shall establish 
 in the State of Alaska and other regions, as the Secretary 
 determines to be appropriate, a regional partnership with an 
 eligible partner described in paragraph

    (2) .</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``

    (2) Eligible partners.--An organization or 
 institution of higher education with expertise in landslide 
 mapping, research, and monitoring shall be eligible for a 
 regional partnership under paragraph

    (1) .</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``

    (3) Purposes and duties.--A regional partnership 
 established under paragraph

    (1) shall--</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
        (A) allow the Secretary to leverage 
 applicable expertise in regional 
 organizations;</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
        (B) coordinate long-term landslide 
 research specific to the applicable region; 
 and</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (C) align interagency landslide 
 monitoring efforts.''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (11) Grant programs.--

Section 3 of the National 
 Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102) is amended, in 
 paragraph

    (1) of subsection

    (f) (as so redesignated)--
 </DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (A) in subparagraph
        (A)
            (i) , by striking 
 ``local, and Tribal governments to research, map, 
 assess'' and inserting ``and local governments, Indian 
 tribes, Tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian 
 organizations to research, map, assess, 
 monitor'';</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (B) in subparagraph
        (B) --</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (i) in clause
            (i) , by inserting 
 ``institutions of higher education described in 
 subsection
            (d) (2)
        (B)
            (iv) ,'' before ``and Indian 
 tribes''; and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (ii) in clause
            (ii) --</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (I) by redesignating 
 subclauses
            (II) through
            (IV) as 
 subclauses
            (III) through
            (V) , 
 respectively; and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (II) by inserting after 
 subclause
            (I) the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (II) in regions that 
 have recently experienced loss of life 
 due to landslides;''; and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (C) in subparagraph
            (C) --</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (i) in clause
            (i) , by inserting 
 ``awarded'' after ``grants''; and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
            (ii) in clause
            (ii) , by striking 
 ``made'' and inserting ``or other 
 accomplishments resulting''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (12) Significant events.--

Section 3 of the 
 National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102) is 
 amended, in subsection

    (h)

    (3) (as so redesignated), by striking 
 ``local, and Tribal partners'' and inserting ``and local 
 partners, Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, and Native 
 Hawaiian organizations''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (13) Funding.--

Section 3 of the National Landslide 
 Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102) is amended, in subsection
            (i) (as so redesignated)--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph

    (1) , 
 by striking ``2024'' and inserting ``2030''; 
 and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (B) in paragraph

    (1) , by striking ``there 
 is authorized to be appropriated to the United States 
 Geological Survey, $25,000,000 to carry out this 
 section'' and inserting ``from amounts appropriated or 
 otherwise made available to the United States 
 Geological Survey, $35,000,000 shall be used to carry 
 out this section, of which not less than $10,000,000 
 shall be used for the purchase, deployment, and repair 
 of landslide early warning systems in high risk 
 areas''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>
            (c) 3D Elevation Program.--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (1) Establishment.--

Section 5

    (a) of the National 
 Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3104

    (a) ) is amended--
 </DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (A) in paragraph

    (1)
        (A) , by inserting 
 ``and derivative'' after ``3D elevation''; 
 and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (B) in paragraph

    (2)
        (B)
            (i) , by inserting 
 ``, process, and integrate'' after 
 ``acquire''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (2) 3D elevation federal interagency coordinating 
 committee.--

Section 5

    (b)

    (3) of the National Landslide 
 Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3104

    (b)

    (3) ) is amended--</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs
            (D) and
        (E) as subparagraphs
        (E) and
        (F) , respectively; 
 and</DELETED>
 <DELETED>
        (B) by inserting after subparagraph
            (C) the following:</DELETED>
 <DELETED> ``
            (D) the 3D Hydrography Program Working 
 Group;''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (3) Grants and cooperative agreements.--

Section 5
            (d) (3) of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 
 3104
            (d) (3) ) is amended by striking ``publically'' and inserting 
 ``publicly''.</DELETED>
 <DELETED>

    (4) Funding.--

Section 5

    (e) of the National 
 Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3104

    (e) ) is amended by 
 striking ``2024'' and inserting ``2030''.</DELETED>

SEC. 3. REAUTHORIZATION OF NATIONAL LANDSLIDE PREPAREDNESS ACT.

    (a) 

=== Definitions. ===
-

Section 2 of the National Landslide Preparedness 
Act (43 U.S.C. 3101) is amended--

    (1) by redesignating paragraphs

    (4) through

    (11) as 
 paragraphs

    (7) ,

    (8) ,

    (10) ,

    (11) ,

    (13) ,

    (14) ,

    (15) , and

    (16) , 
 respectively;

    (2) by inserting after paragraph

    (3) the following:
 ``

    (4) Atmospheric river.--The term `atmospheric river' has 
 the meaning given the term in 

section 12

    (a) of the Flood Level 
 Observation, Operations, and Decision Support Act (15 U.S.C. 
 9707

    (a) ).
 ``

    (5) Atmospheric river flooding event.--The term 
 `atmospheric river flooding event' has the meaning given the 
 term in 

section 12

    (a) of the Flood Level Observation, 
 Operations, and Decision Support Act (15 U.S.C. 9707

    (a) ).
 ``

    (6) Extreme precipitation event.--The term `extreme 
 precipitation event' has the meaning given the term in 

section 12

    (a) of the Flood Level Observation, Operations, and Decision 
 Support Act (15 U.S.C. 9707

    (a) ).'';

    (3) by inserting after paragraph

    (8) (as so redesignated) 
 the following:
 ``

    (9) Institution of higher education.--The term 
 `institution of higher education' has the meaning given the 
 term in 

section 101

    (a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
 U.S.C. 1001

    (a) ).'';

    (4) by inserting after paragraph

    (11) (as so redesignated) 
 the following:
 ``

    (12) Native hawaiian organization.--The term `Native 
 Hawaiian organization' has the meaning given the term in 
 

section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 
 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517), except that the term includes the 
 Department of Hawaiian Home Lands and the Office of Hawaiian 
 Affairs.''; and

    (5) by adding at the end the following:
 ``

    (17) Tribal organization.--The term `Tribal organization' 
 has the meaning given the term in 

section 4 of the Indian Self-
 Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).''.

    (b) National Landslide Hazards Reduction Program.--

    (1) Establishment.--

Section 3

    (a)

    (3) of the National 
 Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102

    (a)

    (3) ) is amended by 
 striking ``protect'' and inserting ``contribute to 
 protecting''.

    (2) Program activities.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (1)
            (C) 
            (ii) of the 
 National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 
 3102

    (b)

    (1)
            (C) 
            (ii) ) is amended by striking ``implement'' and 
 inserting ``disseminate''.

    (3) National strategy.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (2) of the National 
 Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102

    (b)

    (2) ) is amended--
        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs
        (A) through
            (C) as clauses
            (i) through
            (iii) , respectively, and 
 indenting appropriately;
        (B) in the matter preceding clause
            (i) (as so 
 redesignated), by striking ``Not later than'' and 
 inserting the following:
 ``
        (A) In general.--Not later than''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
 ``
        (B) Assessment.--For purposes of the first 
 national strategy published after the date of enactment 
 of the National Landslide Preparedness Act 
 Reauthorization Act of 2025 under subparagraph
        (A) , the 
 Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of 
 Commerce, shall include an assessment of the risks that 
 atmospheric river flooding events and extreme 
 precipitation events pose to the safety of life and 
 property in the United States with respect to landslide 
 hazards.''.

    (4) National landslide hazards database.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (3) of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 
 3102

    (b)

    (3) ) is amended--
        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs
            (C) and
            (D) as 
 subparagraphs
            (D) and
        (E) , respectively; and
        (B) by inserting after subparagraph
        (B) the 
 following:
 ``
            (C) the identification of areas in need of 
 additional hazard risk assessment, including areas that 
 may be at risk due to--
 ``
            (i) hydrology or changes in hydrology 
 that may include erosion, drought, or other 
 characteristics that could impact landslide 
 risk;
 ``
            (ii) atmospheric river flooding events 
 and extreme precipitation events, as identified 
 by the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary;
 ``
            (iii) geologic activity, such as volcanic 
 eruptions, earthquakes, or tsunamis; or
 ``
            (iv) data-poor areas or hazards with poor 
 monitoring that could contribute to increased 
 landslide risk;''.

    (5) Landslide hazard and risk preparedness for 
 communities.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (4) of the National Landslide 
 Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102

    (b)

    (4) ) is amended--
        (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph
        (A) , by 
 inserting ``Native Hawaiian organizations and other 
 stakeholders, as appropriate,'' before ``and Indian 
 tribes'';
        (B) in subparagraph
        (A) --
            (i) in the matter preceding clause
            (i) , by 
 striking ``local, and Tribal governments and 
 decisionmakers'' and inserting ``and local 
 governments, Indian tribes, Tribal 
 organizations, Native Hawaiian organizations, 
 and other decisionmakers'';
            (ii) by striking clause
            (iii) and inserting 
 the following:
 ``
            (iii) health and safety with respect to 
 landslides;'';
            (iii) by redesignating clause
            (iv) as 
 clause
            (v) ; and
            (iv) by inserting after clause
            (iii) the 
 following:
 ``
            (iv) reducing losses from landslides, 
 including the threats caused by atmospheric 
 rivers and other extreme precipitation events; 
 and''; and
            (C) in subparagraph
        (B) --
            (i) in clause
            (i) , by striking ``local, and 
 Tribal officials'' and inserting ``and local 
 officials, Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, 
 and Native Hawaiian organizations''; and
            (ii) in clause
            (ii) , by striking ``local, 
 and Tribal emergency managers'' and inserting 
 ``and local emergency managers and emergency 
 managers of Indian tribes, Tribal 
 organizations, and Native Hawaiian 
 organizations''.

    (6) Debris flow early warning system.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (5) of 
 the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102

    (b)

    (5) ) 
 is amended--
        (A) in subparagraph
        (B) , by striking ``State, 
 territorial, local, and Tribal governments'' and 
 inserting ``State, territorial, and local governments, 
 Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, and Native 
 Hawaiian organizations'';
        (B) by redesignating subparagraphs
        (A) through
            (C) as clauses
            (i) through
            (iii) , respectively, and 
 indenting appropriately;
            (C) in the matter preceding clause
            (i) (as so 
 redesignated), by striking ``In carrying out'' and 
 inserting the following:
 ``
        (A) In general.--In carrying out''; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:
 ``
        (B) Consultation.--In carrying out subparagraph
        (A) , the Secretary may consult with an institution of 
 higher education described in subsection
            (d) (2)
        (B)
            (iv) and other stakeholders to establish and support 
 emergency response procedures, as appropriate.''.

    (7) Emergency response activities.--

Section 3

    (b)

    (6) of the 
 National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102

    (b)

    (6) ) is 
 amended--
        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs
        (A) through
            (C) as clauses
            (i) through
            (iii) , respectively, and 
 indenting appropriately;
        (B) in the matter preceding clause
            (i) (as so 
 redesignated), by striking ``In carrying'' and 
 inserting the following:
 ``
        (A) In general.--In carrying'';
            (C) in subparagraph
        (A) (as so designated)--
            (i) in the matter preceding clause
            (i) (as 
 so redesignated), by inserting ``Native 
 Hawaiian organizations,'' before ``and Indian 
 tribes'';
            (ii) in clause
            (ii) (as so redesignated), 
 by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (iii) in clause
            (iii) (as so redesignated), 
 by striking the period at the end and inserting 
 ``; and''; and
            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
 ``
            (iv) to improve real-time risk management 
 during landslide events, including with respect 
 to landslide events caused by--
 ``
            (I) hydrology or changes in 
 hydrology that may include erosion, 
 drought, or other characteristics that 
 could impact landslide risk;
 ``
            (II) atmospheric river flooding 
 events and extreme precipitation 
 events, as identified by the Secretary 
 of Commerce and the Secretary;
 ``
            (III) geologic activity, such as 
 volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, or 
 tsunamis;
 ``
            (IV) data-poor areas or hazards 
 with poor monitoring that could 
 contribute to increased landslide risk; 
 or
 ``
            (V) thawing permafrost and 
 glacial retreat causing destabilization 
 of slopes.''; and
            (D) by adding at the end the following:
 ``
        (B) Consultation.--In carrying out subparagraph
        (A) , the Secretary may consult with an institution of 
 higher education described in subsection
            (d) (2)
        (B)
            (iv) and the private sector.''.

    (8) Advisory committee.--

Section 3
            (d) (2)
        (B) of the National 
 Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102
            (d) (2)
        (B) ) is 
 amended--
        (A) in clause
            (iii) , by striking ``geological''; 
 and
        (B) in clause
            (vi) , by striking ``local, and Tribal 
 emergency management agencies'' and inserting ``and 
 local emergency management agencies and emergency 
 management agencies of Indian tribes and Native 
 Hawaiian organizations''.

    (9) Regional partnerships.--

Section 3 of the National 
 Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102) is amended--
        (A) by redesignating subsections

    (e) through
            (i) as 
 subsections

    (f) through

    (j) , respectively; and
        (B) by inserting after subsection
            (d) the 
 following:
 ``

    (e) Regional Partnerships.--
 ``

    (1) In general.--As soon as practicable after the date of 
 enactment of the National Landslide Preparedness Act 
 Reauthorization Act of 2025, the Secretary shall establish in 
 each region in which the Secretary determines that there is a 
 high landslide hazard a regional partnership with an eligible 
 partner described in paragraph

    (2) .
 ``

    (2) Eligible partners.--An organization or institution of 
 higher education with expertise in landslide mapping, research, 
 and monitoring shall be eligible for a regional partnership 
 under paragraph

    (1) .
 ``

    (3) Purposes and duties.--A regional partnership 
 established under paragraph

    (1) shall--
 ``
        (A) allow the Secretary to leverage applicable 
 expertise in regional organizations;
 ``
        (B) coordinate long-term landslide research 
 specific to the applicable region; and
 ``
            (C) align interagency landslide monitoring 
 efforts.''.

    (10) Grant programs.--

Section 3 of the National Landslide 
 Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102) is amended, in paragraph

    (1) of subsection

    (f) (as redesignated by paragraph

    (9)
        (A) )--
        (A) in subparagraph
        (A)
            (i) , by striking ``local, 
 and Tribal governments to research, map, assess'' and 
 inserting ``and local governments, Indian tribes, 
 Tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations 
 to research, map, assess, monitor'';
        (B) in subparagraph
        (B) --
            (i) in clause
            (i) , by inserting 
 ``institutions of higher education described in 
 subsection
            (d) (2)
        (B)
            (iv) ,'' before ``and Indian 
 tribes''; and
            (ii) in clause
            (ii) --
            (I) by redesignating subclauses
            (II) through
            (IV) as subclauses
            (III) through
            (V) , respectively; and
            (II) by inserting after subclause
            (I) the following:
 ``
            (II) in regions that have 
 recently experienced loss of life due 
 to landslides;''; and
            (C) in subparagraph
            (C) --
            (i) in clause
            (i) , by inserting ``awarded'' 
 after ``grants''; and
            (ii) in clause
            (ii) , by striking ``made'' 
 and inserting ``or other accomplishments 
 resulting''.

    (11) Significant events.--

Section 3 of the National 
 Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102) is amended, in 
 subsection

    (h)

    (3) (as so redesignated), by striking ``local, 
 and Tribal partners'' and inserting ``and local partners, 
 Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian 
 organizations''.

    (12) Funding.--

Section 3 of the National Landslide 
 Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102) is amended, in subsection
            (i) (as redesignated by paragraph

    (9)
        (A) )--
        (A) in the matter preceding paragraph

    (1) , by 
 striking ``2024'' and inserting ``2030''; and
        (B) in paragraph

    (1) , by striking ``$25,000,000 to 
 carry out this section'' and inserting ``$35,000,000 to 
 carry out this section, of which not less than 
 $10,000,000 shall be made available for the purchase, 
 deployment, and repair of landslide early warning 
 systems in high risk areas''.
            (c) 3D Elevation Program.--

    (1) Establishment.--

Section 5

    (a) of the National Landslide 
 Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3104

    (a) ) is amended--
        (A) in paragraph

    (1)
        (A) , by inserting ``and 
 derivative'' after ``3D elevation''; and
        (B) in paragraph

    (2)
        (B)
            (i) , by inserting ``, 
 process, and integrate'' after ``acquire''.

    (2) 3D elevation federal interagency coordinating 
 committee.--

Section 5

    (b)

    (3) of the National Landslide 
 Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3104

    (b)

    (3) ) is amended--
        (A) by redesignating subparagraphs
            (D) and
        (E) as 
 subparagraphs
        (E) and
        (F) , respectively; and
        (B) by inserting after subparagraph
            (C) the 
 following:
 ``
            (D) the 3D Hydrography Program Working Group;''.

    (3) Grants and cooperative agreements.--

Section 5
            (d) (3) of 
 the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3104
            (d) (3) ) 
 is amended by striking ``publically'' and inserting 
 ``publicly''.

    (4) Funding.--

Section 5

    (e) of the National Landslide 
 Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3104

    (e) ) is amended by striking 
 ``2024'' and inserting ``2034''.

SEC. 4. NEXT GENERATION WATER OBSERVING SYSTEM.

 The Act of December 24, 1942 (56 Stat. 1086, chapter 822; 43 U.S.C. 
36b), is amended--

    (1) in the first section, by striking ``That the Secretary 
 of the Interior'' and inserting the following:

``

SECTION 1. GAGING STREAMS AND UNDERGROUND WATER RESOURCES.

 ``The Secretary of the Interior (referred to in this Act as the 
`Secretary')'';

    (2) in 

section 1 (as so designated)--
        (A) in the second sentence, by striking ``of the 
 Interior''; and
        (B) in the proviso--
            (i) by striking ``this Act'' each place it 
 appears and inserting ``this section''; and
            (ii) by striking ``of the Interior''; and

    (3) by adding at the end the following:

``

SEC. 2. NEXT GENERATION WATER OBSERVING SYSTEM.

 ``

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish within the 
United States Geological Survey a system, to be known as the `Next 
Generation Water Observing System' (referred to in this section as the 
`System').
 ``

    (b) 

=== Purpose ===
-The purpose of the System is to provide real-time 
data on water quantity and quality--
 ``

    (1) that, as compared to previous systems, is more 
 affordable, more rapid, and available in more locations; and
 ``

    (2) to support advanced modeling tools--
 ``
        (A) to provide state-of-the-art flood and drought 
 forecasts;
 ``
        (B) to inform emergency- and water-management 
 decision support systems; and
 ``
            (C) to help evaluate--
 ``
            (i) the near-term and long-term risks of 
 floods and droughts, including any scenarios 
 that modify those risks;
 ``
            (ii) the quantity of water stored in 
 seasonal snow packs, and how changes in 
 seasonal snow packs affect water supplies;
 ``
            (iii) the early stages of drought;
 ``
            (iv) the predicted timelines for drought 
 recovery;
 ``
            (v) the quantity of water lost to 
 evapotranspiration;
 ``
            (vi) water quality differences during wet 
 and dry periods;
 ``
            (vii) the effects of streamflow on 
 groundwater;
 ``
            (viii) the effects of groundwater on 
 streamflow; and
 ``
            (ix) ice and water volume stored in 
 glaciers and changing water volumes due to 
 glacial retreat.
 ``
            (c) System Requirements.--The System shall provide for--
 ``

    (1) state-of-the-art measurements;
 ``

    (2) a dense array of sensors at selected sites;
 ``

    (3) increased spatial and temporal coverage;
 ``

    (4) new technology testing and implementation;
 ``

    (5) improved operational efficiency; and
 ``

    (6) modernized and timely data storage and delivery.
 ``
            (d) Priority Regions.--In determining in which regions of the 
United States Geological Survey to carry out the System, the Secretary 
shall give priority to regions of the United States Geological Survey 
in which there is--
 ``

    (1) a high level of drought;
 ``

    (2) a reliance on reservoirs for water storage;
 ``

    (3) a reliance on hydrologic storage, including 
 groundwater, aquifers, and snowpack; and
 ``

    (4) flooding and extreme rainfall.
 ``

    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--
 ``

    (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
 to carry out this section in 10 initial basins, as determined 
 by the Secretary, $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, to remain 
 available until expended.
 ``

    (2) Derivation of funds.--Amounts made available to carry 
 out this section shall be derived from amounts appropriated or 
 otherwise made available to the United States Geological 
 Survey.''.

SEC. 5. WATER DATA ENHANCEMENT AND NATIONAL GROUNDWATER RESOURCES 
 MONITORING BY UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

 

Section 9507 of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 (42 
U.S.C. 10367) is amended--

    (1) in subsection

    (a) --
        (A) in paragraph

    (2)
            (C) --
            (i) in clause
            (i) , by striking ``and'' at 
 the end;
            (ii) in clause
            (ii) , by inserting ``and'' 
 after the semicolon at the end; and
            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
 ``
            (iii) the conduct of groundwater quality 
 assessments relating to permafrost thaw and 
 changes in precipitation rates;'';
        (B) in paragraph

    (4) --
            (i) in subparagraph
        (A) --
            (I) in the matter preceding clause
            (i) , by striking ``10 years'' and 
 inserting ``11 years''; and
            (II) in clause
            (i) , by striking 
 ``national streamflow information 
 program'' and inserting ``Federal 
 priority streamgage program'';
            (ii) in subparagraph
        (B) , by striking 
 ``Federal Priority streamgage program'' and 
 inserting ``Federal Priority Streamgage 
 Network''; and
            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
 ``
            (C) Priority sites.--In selecting sites for the 
 installation of streamgages under subparagraph
        (A) , the 
 Secretary shall give priority to regions of the United 
 States Geological Survey in which there is--
 ``
            (i) a high level of drought;
 ``
            (ii) a reliance on reservoirs for water 
 storage;
 ``
            (iii) a reliance on hydrologic storage, 
 including groundwater, aquifers, and snowpack; 
 and
 ``
            (iv) flooding and extreme rainfall.
 ``
            (D) No impact on existing sites.--The priority 
 provided under subparagraph
            (C) shall have no impact on 
 any site or region in which a streamgage has been 
 installed, and is operating, as of the date of 
 enactment of the National Landslide Preparedness Act 
 Reauthorization Act of 2025, subject to the condition 
 that the data from such a site or region are continuing 
 to meet the priority needs of stakeholders, as 
 determined by the Secretary.''; and
            (C) in paragraph

    (6) --
            (i) in subparagraph
        (B) , by striking 
 ``$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 
 through 2028'' and inserting ``$30,000,000 for 
 each of fiscal years 2026 through 2033''; and
            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
 ``
            (C) Derivation of funds.--Amounts made available 
 to carry out this subsection shall be derived from 
 amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the 
 United States Geological Survey.''; and

    (2) in subsection

    (b) --
        (A) in paragraph

    (2) --
            (i) in subparagraph
        (B) , in the matter 
 preceding clause
            (i) , by striking ``and State 
 and local water resource agencies and Tribes'' 
 and inserting ``, State and local water 
 resource agencies, Indian tribes, Tribal 
 organizations, and Native Hawaiian 
 organizations''; and
            (ii) in subparagraph
            (C) , by striking 
 ``State water resource agency or Tribe'' and 
 inserting ``State water resource agency, Indian 
 tribe, Tribal organization, or Native Hawaiian 
 organization'';
        (B) in paragraph

    (6) --
            (i) by striking ``give priority to those 
 activities'' and inserting the following: 
 ``give priority to--
 ``
        (A) activities'';
            (ii) in subparagraph
        (A) (as so 
 designated)--
            (I) by striking ``State, a Tribe'' 
 and inserting ``State, Indian tribe, 
 Tribal organization, Native Hawaiian 
 organization,''; and
            (II) by striking the period at the 
 end and inserting ``; and''; and
            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
 ``
        (B) activities conducted in regions of the United 
 States Geological Survey in which there is--
 ``
            (i) a high level of drought;
 ``
            (ii) a reliance on reservoirs for water 
 storage;
 ``
            (iii) a reliance on hydrologic storage, 
 including groundwater, aquifers, and snowpack; 
 and
 ``
            (iv) flooding and extreme rainfall.''; 
 and
            (C) in paragraph

    (7) --
            (i) by striking ``There are authorized to 
 be appropriated'' and inserting the following:
 ``
        (A) In general.--There is authorized to be 
 appropriated''; and
            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
 ``
        (B) Derivation of funds.--Amounts made available 
 to carry out this subsection shall be derived from 
 amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the 
 United States Geological Survey.''.
 Calendar No. 249

119th CONGRESS

 1st Session

 S. 1626

 [Report No. 119-92]

_______________________________________________________________________

 A BILL

 To reauthorize the National Landslide Preparedness Act, and for other 
 purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

 November 3, 2025

 Reported with an amendment