119-hr4312

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 4312 Reported in House

    (RH) ]

<DOC>

 Union Calendar No. 226
119th CONGRESS
 1st Session
 H. R. 4312

 [Report No. 119-270, Parts I and II]

To protect the name, image, and likeness rights of student athletes and 
to promote fair competition with respect to intercollegiate athletics, 
 and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

 July 10, 2025

 Mr. Bilirakis (for himself, Ms. Bynum, Mr. Guthrie, Mr. Walberg, Mr. 
 Jordan, Mr. Figures, Mrs. McClain, Mr. Fitzgerald, and Mr. Fry) 
 introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 
Education and Workforce, and in addition to the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in 
 each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the 
 jurisdiction of the committee concerned

 September 11, 2025

 Additional sponsors: Mr. Williams of Texas, Mr. Westerman, Mr. Flood, 
Mr. Cuellar, Mr. Vicente Gonzalez of Texas, Mr. Gooden, Mr. Suozzi, Mr. 
 Carter of Georgia, Mr. Haridopolos, Mr. Cline, Mr. Barr, Mr. Grothman 
 and Ms. Plaskett

 September 11, 2025

 Deleted sponsor: Mr. Moskowitz (added September 10, 2025; deleted 
 September 11, 2025)

 September 11, 2025

 Reported from the Committee on Energy and Commerce with an amendment
 [Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed 
 in italic]

 September 11, 2025

 Reported from the Committee on Education and Workforce with an 
 amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State 
 of the Union, and ordered to be printed
 [Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed 
 in boldface roman]
 [For the text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on 
 July 10, 2025]

_______________________________________________________________________

 A BILL

To protect the name, image, and likeness rights of student athletes and 
to promote fair competition with respect to intercollegiate athletics, 
 and for other purposes.

 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

 This Act may be cited as the ``Student Compensation and Opportunity 
through Rights and Endorsements Act'' or the ``SCORE Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

 In this Act:

    (1) Agent.--The term ``agent'' means an individual who 
 receives compensation to represent a student athlete with 
 respect to--
        (A) a name, image, and likeness agreement; or
        (B) another agreement for compensation related to 
 the participation of such student athlete on a varsity 
 sports team.

    (2) Antitrust laws.--The term ``antitrust laws'' has the 
 meaning given such term in the 1st section of the Clayton Act 
 (15 U.S.C. 12) and includes 

section 5 of the Federal Trade 
 Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45) to the extent that such 

section 5 
 applies to unfair methods of competition.

    (3) Associated entity or individual.--The term ``associated 
 entity or individual'' means, with respect to an institution, 
 each of the following:
        (A) An entity that is known or should be known to 
 the employees of the athletic department of such 
 institution to exist, in significant part, for the 
 purpose of--
            (i) promoting or supporting the varsity 
 sports teams or student athletes of such 
 institution; or
            (ii) creating or identifying opportunities 
 relating to name, image, and likeness 
 agreements solely for the student athletes of 
 such institution.
        (B) An individual who is or has been a member, 
 employee, director, officer, owner, or other 
 representative of an entity described in subparagraph
        (A) .
            (C) An individual who directly or indirectly 
 (including through contributions by an entity 
 affiliated with such individual or an immediate family 
 member of such individual) has contributed more than 
 $50,000 (as adjusted on July 1 each year by the 
 percentage increase (if any), during the preceding 12-
 month period, in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban 
 Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) 
 over the lifetime of the individual to the athletic 
 programs of such institution or to an entity described 
 in subparagraph
        (A) .
            (D) An individual or entity who--
            (i) is directed or requested by the 
 employees of the athletic department of such 
 institution to assist in the recruitment or 
 retention of prospective student athletes or 
 student athletes, respectively; or
            (ii) otherwise assists in such recruitment 
 or retention.
        (E) Any entity (other than a publicly traded 
 corporation) owned, controlled, operated by, or 
 otherwise affiliated with an individual or entity 
 described in subparagraph
        (A) ,
        (B) ,
            (C) , or
            (D) .

    (4) College sports revenue.--The term ``college sports 
 revenue'' means any revenue (without regard to ownership or 
 legal title to such revenue) received by an institution with 
 respect to intercollegiate athletics--
        (A) from the sale of admission to intercollegiate 
 athletic competitions or any other event involving a 
 varsity sports team, including actual monetary revenue 
 received by or for the benefit of such institution for 
 a suite license (unless such suite license is 
 associated with philanthropy or any purpose not related 
 to intercollegiate athletic competitions, including a 
 concert);
        (B) from participation by the varsity sports teams 
 of such institution in intercollegiate athletic 
 competitions held at other institutions, including 
 payments received due to cancellations of such 
 intercollegiate athletic competitions;
            (C) for radio, television, internet, digital, and 
 e-commerce rights, including revenue relating to media 
 rights distributed by a conference to members of the 
 conference, if applicable;
            (D) from an interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association, including any grant, distribution of 
 revenue, reimbursement relating to travel with respect 
 to a championship of such interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association, and payment for hosting such a 
 championship;
        (E) generated by a post-season football bowl, 
 including any distribution of revenue by a conference 
 to members of the conference and any other payment 
 related to the participation of such institution in 
 such post-season football bowl, including for ticket 
 sales and reimbursement of expenses;
        (F) from a conference, other than any revenue 
 otherwise described in this paragraph;
        (G) for sponsorships, licensing agreements, 
 advertisements, royalties, and in-kind products and 
 services as part of a sponsorship agreement; or
        (H) relating to any additional form of revenue, 
 including fundraising, an interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association uses with respect to the pool 
 limit of such interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association.

    (5) Compensation.--The term ``compensation''--
        (A) means, with respect to a student athlete or a 
 prospective student athlete, any form of payment or 
 remuneration, whether provided through cash, benefits, 
 awards, or any other means, including payments for--
            (i) licenses relating to, or the use of, 
 name, image, and likeness rights; or
            (ii) licenses relating to, or the use of, 
 any other Federal or State intellectual or 
 intangible property right; and
        (B) does not include--
            (i) grants-in-aid;
            (ii) Federal Pell Grants and other Federal 
 or State grants unrelated to and not awarded 
 with regard to participation in intercollegiate 
 athletics;
            (iii) health insurance and payments for the 
 costs of health care, including health 
 insurance and payments for the costs of health 
 care wholly or partly self-funded by an 
 institution, conference, or interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association;
            (iv) disability and loss-of-value 
 insurance, including disability and loss-of-
 value insurance that is wholly or partly self-
 funded by an institution, conference, or 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association;
            (v) career counseling, job placement 
 services, and other guidance available to all 
 students at an institution;
            (vi) payment of hourly wages and benefits 
 for work actually performed (and not for 
 participation in intercollegiate athletics) at 
 a rate commensurate with the going rate in the 
 locality of an institution for similar work;
            (vii) academic awards paid to student 
 athletes by institutions;
            (viii) provision of financial literacy or 
 tax education resources and guidance; or
            (ix) any program to connect student 
 athletes with employers and facilitate 
 employment opportunities, if--
            (I) the financial terms of such 
 employment opportunities are consistent 
 with the terms offered to similarly 
 situated employees who are not student 
 athletes; and
            (II) such program is not used to 
 induce a student athlete to attend a 
 particular institution.

    (6) Conference.--The term ``conference'' means an entity 
 that--
        (A) has as members 2 or more institutions;
        (B) arranges regular season intercollegiate 
 athletic competitions and championships for such 
 members; and
            (C) sets rules with respect to such intercollegiate 
 athletic competitions and championships.

    (7) Cost of attendance.--The term ``cost of attendance'' 
 has the meaning given such term in 

section 472 of the Higher 
 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087ll).

    (8) Grant-in-aid.--The term ``grant-in-aid'' means a 
 scholarship, grant, stipend, or other form of financial 
 assistance, including the provision of tuition, room, board, 
 books, or funds for fees or personal expenses, that--
        (A) is paid or provided by an institution to a 
 student for the undergraduate or graduate course of 
 study of the student; and
        (B) is in an amount that does not exceed the cost 
 of attendance at the institution for such student.

    (9) Image.--The term ``image'' means, with respect to a 
 student athlete, a picture or a video that identifies, is 
 linked to, or is reasonably linkable to such student athlete.

    (10) Institution.--The term ``institution'' has the meaning 
 given the term ``institution of higher education'' in 

section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002).

    (11) Intercollegiate athletic competition.--The term 
 ``intercollegiate athletic competition'' means any contest, 
 game, meet, match, tournament, regatta, or other event in which 
 varsity sports teams of more than 1 institution compete.

    (12) Intercollegiate athletics.--The term ``intercollegiate 
 athletics''--
        (A) means the varsity sports teams for which the 
 length of time a student athlete is eligible to 
 participate and the academic standards for 
 participation are established by a conference or an 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association; and
        (B) does not include any recreational, intramural, 
 or club teams.

    (13) Interstate intercollegiate athletic association.--The 
 term ``interstate intercollegiate athletic association'' 
 means--
        (A) any entity that--
            (i) sets common rules, standards, 
 procedures, or guidelines for the 
 administration and regulation of varsity sports 
 teams and intercollegiate athletic 
 competitions;
            (ii) is composed of 2 or more institutions 
 or conferences located in more than 1 State; 
 and
            (iii) has rules or bylaws prohibiting the 
 provision of prohibited compensation to student 
 athletes and prospective student athletes; and
        (B) does not include any entity affiliated with 
 professional athletic competitions.

    (14) Likeness.--The term ``likeness'' means, with respect 
 to a student athlete, a physical or digital depiction or 
 representation that identifies, is linked to, or is reasonably 
 linkable to such student athlete.

    (15) Name.--The term ``name'' means, with respect to a 
 student athlete, the first, middle, or last name, or the 
 nickname or former name, of such student athlete if used in a 
 context that identifies, is linked to, or is reasonably 
 linkable to such student athlete.

    (16) Name, image, and likeness agreement.--The term ``name, 
 image, and likeness agreement'' means a contract or similar 
 agreement under which a student athlete licenses or authorizes, 
 or a contract or similar agreement that otherwise is in 
 relation to, the commercial use of the name, image, or likeness 
 of the student athlete.

    (17) Name, image, and likeness rights.--The term ``name, 
 image, and likeness rights'' means rights recognized under 
 Federal or State law that allow an individual to control and 
 profit from the commercial use of the name, image, and likeness 
 of such individual, including all rights commonly referred to 
 as ``publicity rights''.

    (18) Pool limit.--The term ``pool limit'' means a dollar 
 amount based on college sports revenue that--
        (A) is calculated and published by an interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association pursuant to the 
 rules the interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association establishes under 

section 6; and
        (B) serves as the annual maximum amount that an 
 institution that is a member of such interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association may provide, in 
 total, to student athletes of such institution, 
 including in the form of a name, image, and likeness 
 agreement or direct payment.

    (19) Prohibited compensation.--The term ``prohibited 
 compensation'' means--
        (A) compensation (including an agreement for 
 compensation) to a student athlete from an associated 
 entity or individual of the institution at which the 
 student athlete is enrolled (or to a prospective 
 student athlete from an associated entity or individual 
 of an institution for which the prospective student 
 athlete is being recruited) for any license or use of 
 the name, image, and likeness rights of such student 
 athlete or prospective student athlete (or any other 
 license or use), unless the license or use is for a 
 valid business purpose related to the promotion or 
 endorsement of goods or services provided to the 
 general public for profit, with compensation at rates 
 and terms commensurate with compensation paid to 
 individuals with name, image, and likeness rights of 
 comparable value who are not student athletes or 
 prospective student athletes with respect to such 
 institution; and
        (B) compensation to a student athlete (or a 
 prospective student athlete) if such compensation is 
 paid by or on behalf of the institution at which the 
 student athlete is enrolled (or for which the 
 prospective student athlete is being recruited) and 
 results in the exceeding of the pool limit established 
 by the interstate intercollegiate athletic association 
 of which such institution is a member.

    (20) Prospective student athlete.--The term ``prospective 
 student athlete'' means an individual who is solicited to 
 enroll at an institution by, or at the direction of, an 
 employee or an associated entity or individual of the 
 institution in order for such individual to participate in a 
 varsity sports team of such institution.

    (21) State.--The term ``State'' means each State of the 
 United States, the District of Columbia, and each commonwealth, 
 territory, or possession of the United States.

    (22) Student athlete.--The term ``student athlete'' means 
 an individual who--
        (A) is enrolled or has agreed to enroll at an 
 institution; and
        (B) participates in a varsity sports team of such 
 institution.

    (23) Varsity sports team.--The term ``varsity sports team'' 
 means an entity composed of an individual or group of 
 individuals enrolled at an institution that is organized by 
 such institution for the purpose of participation in 
 intercollegiate athletic competitions.

SEC. 3. PROTECTION OF NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS RIGHTS OF STUDENT 
 ATHLETES.

    (a) Right To Enter Into Name, Image, and Likeness Agreements.--

    (1) In general.--No institution, conference, or interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association may restrict the ability 
 of a student athlete to enter into a name, image, and likeness 
 agreement.

    (2) Exceptions.--
        (A) Prohibited compensation.--Paragraph

    (1) does 
 not apply with respect to a name, image, and likeness 
 agreement to the extent such agreement provides 
 prohibited compensation.
        (B) Codes of conduct and conflicting agreements.--
 Notwithstanding paragraph

    (1) , an institution may 
 restrict the ability of a student athlete of such 
 institution (including a prospective student athlete 
 who has agreed to attend such institution) to enter 
 into a name, image, and likeness agreement that--
            (i) violates the code of conduct of such 
 institution; or
            (ii) conflicts with the terms of a contract 
 or similar agreement to which such institution 
 is a party.

    (b) Right to Representation.--Except as provided by this Act, no 
institution, conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association may restrict the ability of a student athlete to obtain an 
agent.
            (c) Right to Privacy.--Except as provided by this Act, no 
institution, conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association may release information with respect to a name, image, and 
likeness agreement without the express written consent of any student 
athlete who is a party to such agreement.
            (d) Right to Transparent Agreements.--A name, image, and likeness 
agreement under which a student athlete is provided compensation in an 
amount greater than $600 shall be considered void from the inception of 
such agreement if such agreement does not satisfy the following:

    (1) The agreement is in writing.

    (2) The agreement contains the following:
        (A) A description of any services to be rendered 
 under the agreement.
        (B) The names of the parties to the agreement.
            (C) The term of the agreement.
            (D) The amount of compensation to be provided to 
 the student athlete under the agreement.
        (E) A provision specifying the circumstances or 
 events under which the agreement may be terminated due 
 to non-performance of obligations by the student 
 athlete.
        (F) A provision specifying that the student athlete 
 may terminate the agreement, notwithstanding any other 
 term described in the agreement, beginning on the date 
 that is 6 months after the date on which the student 
 athlete is no longer enrolled at any institution.
        (G) The signature of the student athlete or, if the 
 student athlete is under the age of 18 years, the 
 signature of the parent or guardian of the student 
 athlete.

    (e) Actions by States.--In any case in which the attorney general 
of a State, or an official or agency of a State, has reason to believe 
that an interest of the residents of such State has been or is 
threatened or adversely affected by an act or practice in violation of 
this section, the State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on 
behalf of the residents of the State in an appropriate State court or 
an appropriate district court of the United States to--

    (1) enjoin such act or practice;

    (2) enforce compliance with this section;

    (3) obtain damages, restitution, or other compensation on 
 behalf of residents of the State; or

    (4) obtain such other legal and equitable relief as the 
 court may consider to be appropriate.

SEC. 4. SPORTS AGENT RESPONSIBILITY AND TRUST ACT.

 The Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust Act (15 U.S.C. 7801 et 
seq.) is amended--

    (1) in 

section 3

    (a) --
        (A) by redesignating paragraphs

    (2) and

    (3) as 
 paragraphs

    (4) and

    (5) , respectively; and
        (B) by inserting after paragraph

    (1) the following:
 ``

    (2) charge a student athlete a fee with respect to an 
 endorsement contract that is in an amount that is greater than 
 5 percent of the amount of the compensation provided to such 
 student athlete under such contract;
 ``

    (3) enter into an agency contract with a student athlete 
 that does not include a provision specifying that the student 
 athlete may terminate the agency contract, notwithstanding any 
 other term described in the agency contract, beginning on the 
 date that is 6 months after the date on which the student 
 athlete is no longer enrolled at any institution (as defined in 
 

section 2 of the SCORE Act);'';

    (2) in 

section 3

    (b)

    (3) , by striking ``Warning to Student 
 Athlete: If you agree orally or in writing to be represented by 
 an agent now or in the future you may lose your eligibility to 
 compete as a student athlete in your sport.'' and inserting 
 ``Notice to Student Athlete:''; and

    (3) by adding at the end the following:

``

SEC. 9. DISCLOSURE AND CONSENT RELATING TO NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS 
 AGREEMENTS.

 ``

    (a) In General.--An athlete agent who assists a student athlete 
with an endorsement contract shall disclose in writing to the student 
athlete--
 ``

    (1) whether the athlete agent is registered with an 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association (as defined in 
 

section 2 of the SCORE Act); and
 ``

    (2) if the athlete agent is registered with an interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association, whether the athlete agent 
 is registered with the interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association that has as a member the institution (as defined in 
 

section 2 of the SCORE Act) at which the student athlete is 
 enrolled.
 ``

    (b) Consent.--In the case of an athlete agent who is not 
registered with an interstate intercollegiate athletic association, the 
athlete agent may only assist a student athlete with an endorsement 
contract if the student athlete (or, in the case of a student athlete 
who is under 18 years of age, the parent or guardian of the student 
athlete) provides to the athlete agent written consent for such 
assistance after receiving the disclosure under subsection

    (a) .
 ``
            (c) Enforcement.--
 ``

    (1) In general.--If an attorney general of a State has 
 reason to believe that an interest of the residents of that 
 State has been or is threatened or adversely affected by the 
 engagement of any athlete agent in a practice that violates 
 this section, the attorney general may bring a civil action 
 pursuant to 

section 5 in the same manner as the attorney 
 general may bring a civil action with respect to a violation of 
 

section 3.
 ``

    (2) Sole authority.--No individual or entity other than 
 an attorney general of a State may enforce this section.
 ``

    (3) No federal notice necessary.--Subsections

    (a)

    (2) ,

    (b) , and
            (d) of 

section 5 do not apply to an action brought by 
 an attorney general of a State pursuant to this subsection.''.

SEC. 5. REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN INSTITUTIONS.

    (a) Requirements.--An institution described in subsection
            (c) shall--

    (1) provide comprehensive academic support and career 
 counseling services to student athletes that include life 
 skills development programs with respect to--
        (A) mental health, including alcohol and substance 
 abuse;
        (B) strength and conditioning;
            (C) nutrition;
            (D) name, image, and likeness rights, including 
 related legal advice;
        (E) financial literacy, including taxes;
        (F) career readiness and counseling;
        (G) the process for transferring between 
 institutions; and
        (H) sexual violence prevention;

    (2) provide medical and health benefits to student athletes 
 that include--
        (A) medical care, including payment of out-of-
 pocket expenses, for an injury of a student athlete 
 incurred during the involvement of such student athlete 
 in intercollegiate athletics for such institution that 
 is available to the student athlete during the period 
 of enrollment of the student athlete with such 
 institution and a period of at least 3 years following 
 graduation or separation from such institution (unless 
 such separation is due to violation of a code of 
 conduct);
        (B) mental health services and support, including 
 mental health educational materials and resources;
            (C) an administrative structure that provides 
 independent medical care, including with respect to 
 decisions regarding return to play; and
            (D) a certification of insurance coverage for 
 medical expenses resulting from injuries of student 
 athletes incurred during the involvement of such 
 student athletes in intercollegiate athletics for such 
 institution;

    (3) maintain a grant-in-aid provided to a student athlete 
 in relation to the involvement of such student athlete in 
 intercollegiate athletics during the period of that grant-in-
 aid for such institution without regard to--
        (A) athletic performance;
        (B) contribution to team success;
            (C) injury, illness, or physical or mental 
 condition; or
            (D) receipt of compensation pursuant to a name, 
 image, and likeness agreement;

    (4) provide a degree completion program--
        (A) for each former student athlete of such 
 institution who received a grant-in-aid from such 
 institution and did not graduate from such institution; 
 and
        (B) that provides financial aid to such former 
 student athlete in an amount that is based on the 
 average annual grant-in-aid provided to such former 
 student athlete during the period that such former 
 student athlete participated on a varsity sports team 
 of the institution; and

    (5) establish, not later than July 1, 2027, and thereafter 
 maintain, at least 16 varsity sports teams.

    (b) Collaboration.--An institution may carry out subsection

    (a) in 
conjunction with a conference or interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association.
            (c) Applicability.--An institution is described in this subsection 
if any member of the coaching staff of a varsity sports team of such 
institution earns more than $250,000 in base salary annually (as 
adjusted on July 1 each year by the percentage increase (if any), 
during the preceding 12-month period, in the Consumer Price Index for 
All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics).

SEC. 6. ROLES OF INTERSTATE INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATIONS.

    (a) Authority to Establish Rules.--An interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association is authorized to establish and enforce rules with 
respect to--

    (1) requiring a student athlete or prospective student 
 athlete to disclose, in a timely manner, the terms of a name, 
 image, and likeness agreement entered into by such student 
 athlete;

    (2) establishing and implementing a process to collect and 
 publicly share aggregated and anonymized data related to the 
 name, image, and likeness agreements of student athletes 
 (without regard to whether such an agreement includes an 
 institution as a party to the agreement);

    (3) prohibited compensation, including processes for 
 dispute resolution and penalties, if such rules provide that a 
 student athlete does not lose eligibility to compete in 
 intercollegiate athletic competitions while a process for 
 dispute resolution is ongoing;

    (4) setting parameters for the manner in which and the time 
 period during which student athletes and prospective student 
 athletes may be recruited for intercollegiate athletics;

    (5) calculating a pool limit, if such rules provide that 
 such pool limit is at least 22 percent of the average annual 
 college sports revenue of the 70 highest earning (with respect 
 to such revenue) member institutions of such interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association (or, if such interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association has fewer than 70 members, 
 the average annual college sports revenue of all members), and 
 monitoring payments of compensation related to such pool limit;

    (6) setting parameters for the manner in which a student 
 athlete may transfer between institutions, if such rules 
 provide that--
        (A) on at least 1 occasion each student athlete may 
 transfer between institutions and be immediately 
 eligible to participate on a varsity sports team of the 
 institution to which the student athlete transfers (if 
 academically eligible to participate); and
        (B) an institution to which a student athlete is 
 transferring or is considering transferring shall 
 provide to such student athlete, at the request of such 
 student athlete, in writing and at a reasonable time 
 prior to completion of the transfer, a notice of the 
 previously earned academic credits of such student 
 athlete that such institution will accept, including 
 with respect to the program of study of such student 
 athlete;

    (7) the length of time a student athlete is eligible to 
 participate in intercollegiate athletics and the academic 
 standards to be eligible to participate in intercollegiate 
 athletics;

    (8) establishing and implementing a process, including a 
 database, with respect to agent registration, including--
        (A) setting qualifications to be registered as an 
 agent;
        (B) setting parameters for the ability of member 
 institutions to negotiate with agents who are not 
 registered under such process; and
            (C) limiting the amount of the compensation under a 
 name, image, and likeness agreement between a student 
 athlete and an institution that may be provided to the 
 agent of such student athlete to not more than 5 
 percent of such compensation;

    (9) the membership of, and participation in, such 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association (including any 
 championships administered by such interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association), under which such interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association may establish membership 
 qualifications, remove members, and otherwise regulate 
 participation; and

    (10) intercollegiate athletic competitions and playing 
 seasons, including rules with respect to season length, maximum 
 number of contests, and student athlete time demands (whether 
 during a playing season or outside of such season).

    (b) Requirements.--

    (1) Authority conditioned on compliance.--An interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association is only authorized to 
 establish and enforce rules under subsection

    (a) if such 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association is in 
 compliance with this subsection and 

section 3.

    (2) Governance structure.--An interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association (except for an interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association that is also a conference) shall carry out 
 the following:
        (A) Ensure that the membership of any board, 
 committee, or other similar body of such interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association, if tasked with a 
 decision-making role (including a decision-making role 
 with respect to establishing or enforcing a rule under 
 

section 6

    (a) ), satisfies the following:
            (i) Not less than 20 percent of the members 
 of the board, committee, or body are 
 individuals who are student athletes or were 
 student athletes at any point during the 
 preceding 10-year period, with--
            (I) men and women equally 
 represented with respect to such 
 individuals; and
            (II) each such individual 
 participating in or having participated 
 in a different sport.
            (ii) Not less than 30 percent of the 
 members of the board, committee, or body 
 represent institutions that are not among the 
 70 highest earning member institutions of such 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association 
 with respect to annual college sports revenue.
        (B) Establish a council to serve as the primary 
 deliberative body of the interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association and that is--
            (i) responsible for developing proposals 
 with respect to policy; and
            (ii) composed of individuals who represent 
 each conference that is a member of such 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association.

SEC. 7. LIABILITY LIMITATION.

    (a) In General.--Adoption of, agreement to, compliance with, or 
enforcement of any rule, regulation, requirement, standard, or other 
provision established pursuant to, or in compliance with, 

section 6 of 
this Act shall be treated as lawful under the antitrust laws and any 
similar State provision having the force and effect of law.

    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection

    (a) may be 
construed to limit or otherwise affect any provision of law, including 
any provision of Federal or State law or the common law, other than the 
antitrust laws and any similar State provision having the force and 
effect of law.

SEC. 8. EMPLOYMENT STANDING.

 Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal or State law, no 
individual may be considered an employee of an institution, a 
conference, or an interstate intercollegiate athletic association based 
on the participation of such individual on a varsity sports team or in 
an intercollegiate athletic competition as a student athlete, without 
regard to the existence of rules or requirements for being a member of 
such team or for participating in such competition.

SEC. 9. STUDENT ATHLETIC FEES.

    (a) Transparency Requirements.--

    (1) Information dissemination activities.--

Section 485

    (a)

    (1)
        (E) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
 1092

    (a)

    (1)
        (E) ) is amended by inserting ``(including the amount 
 of such fees used to support intercollegiate athletic 
 programs)'' after ``and fees''.

    (2) Data required.--
        (A) In general.--

Section 485

    (g) of the Higher 
 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092

    (g) ) is amended--
            (i) in paragraph

    (1) , by adding at the end 
 the following:
 ``
        (K) With respect to fees charged to students to 
 support intercollegiate athletic programs--
 ``
            (i) the total amount of such fees charged 
 to students;
 ``
            (ii) the uses of such fees with respect 
 to facilities, operating expenses, 
 scholarships, payments to athletes, salaries of 
 coaches and support staff, and any other 
 expenses reported under this paragraph; and
 ``
            (iii) the percentage of the total cost of 
 such programs covered by such fees.''; and
            (ii) in paragraph

    (3) --
            (I) by striking the period at the 
 end and inserting ``; and'';
            (II) by striking ``that all 
 students'' and inserting the following: 
 ``that--
 ``
        (A) all students''; and
            (III) by adding at the end the 
 following:
 ``
        (B) with respect to the information described in 
 paragraph

    (1)
        (K) , the institution shall annually 
 publish such information on a publicly available 
 website of the institution not later than October 15 
 following the end of each fiscal year of the 
 institution.''.
        (B) Effective date.--The amendments made by 
 subparagraph
        (A) shall take effect and apply beginning 
 on July 1, 2026.

    (b) Restricting Student Fees for High-Media-Rights-Revenue 
Institutions.--

    (1) Media rights revenues.--

Section 485

    (g)

    (1)
            (I) 
            (ii) of the 
 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092

    (a)

    (1)
            (I) 
            (ii) ) is 
 amended by striking ``broadcast revenues'' and inserting 
 ``media rights revenues (including revenues from broadcasting, 
 streaming, or digital distribution of intercollegiate athletic 
 events)''.

    (2) Program participation agreements.--

Section 487

    (a) of 
 the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094

    (a) ) is amended 
 by adding at the end the following:
 ``

    (30) In the case of an institution that, for the most 
 recently completed fiscal year, had annual media rights 
 revenues (as described in 

section 485

    (g)

    (1)
            (I) 
            (ii) ) of 
 $50,000,000 or more, the institution will not, for the fiscal 
 year immediately following such fiscal year, use student fees 
 to support intercollegiate athletic programs, including with 
 respect to facilities, operating expenses (as defined in 
 

section 485

    (g) ), scholarships, payments to athletes, salaries 
 of coaches and support staff, and any other expenses reported 
 under 

section 485

    (g)

    (1) .''.

    (3) Effective date.--The amendments made by this subsection 
 shall take effect and apply beginning on July 1, 2026.

SEC. 10. PREEMPTION.

    (a) In General.--No State, or political subdivision of a State, may 
maintain, enforce, prescribe, or continue in effect any law, rule, 
regulation, requirement, standard, or other provision having the force 
and effect of law that conflicts with this Act, including the 
amendments made by this Act, and that--

    (1) governs or regulates the compensation, payment, 
 benefits, or employment status of a student athlete (including 
 a prospective student athlete) with respect to participation in 
 intercollegiate athletics, including any law, rule, regulation, 
 requirement, standard, or other provision that--
        (A) relates to the right of a student athlete to 
 receive compensation or other payments or benefits 
 directly or indirectly from any institution, associated 
 entity or individual, conference, or interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association; or
        (B) relates to the length of time a student athlete 
 is eligible to participate in intercollegiate athletics 
 or the academic standards to be eligible to participate 
 in intercollegiate athletics;

    (2) limits or restricts a right provided to an institution, 
 a conference, or an interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association under this Act; or

    (3) requires a release of or license to use the name, 
 image, and likeness rights of any individual participant, or 
 group of participants, in an intercollegiate athletic 
 competition (or an individual spectator or group of spectators 
 at an intercollegiate athletic competition) for purposes of 
 audio-visual, audio, or visual broadcasts or other 
 distributions of such intercollegiate athletic competition.

    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection

    (a) may be 
construed to--

    (1) relieve any person of liability under a State law of 
 general applicability that does not conflict with this Act, 
 including the amendments made by this Act; or

    (2) relieve any person of liability under common law.

SEC. 11. REPORTS.

    (a) Federal Trade Commission Study.--

    (1) Study.--The Federal Trade Commission shall conduct a 
 study to analyze the impacts of establishing a program, 
 administered by an entity independent of any institution, 
 conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic association, 
 to develop standards for, certify as compliant with such 
 standards, and otherwise regulate agents who enter into 
 agreements with student athletes, which shall include an 
 analysis of--
        (A) options for establishing such a program;
        (B) potential sources of funding for such a 
 program;
            (C) a reasonable timeline for establishing such a 
 program; and
            (D) the costs and benefits associated with such a 
 program.

    (2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
 enactment of this Act, the Federal Trade Commission shall 
 submit to Congress a report on the results of the study 
 conducted under paragraph

    (1) , which shall include legislative 
 recommendations with respect to the establishment and funding 
 of the program described in such paragraph.

    (b) Compliance Reporting.--

    (1) Biennial report.--Not later than 180 days after the 
 date of the enactment of this Act, and every 2 years 
 thereafter, each interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association shall submit to Congress a report that includes--
        (A) a summary of the issues faced by such 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association 
 relating to compliance with this Act, including the 
 amendments made by this Act;
        (B) a summary of the trends among institutions, 
 conferences, and interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 associations relating to such compliance; and
            (C) recommendations to improve the health, safety, 
 and educational opportunities of student athletes.

    (2) Comptroller general report.--Not later than 5 years 
 after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 5 years 
 thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States 
 shall--
        (A) conduct an investigation with respect to 
 compliance with this Act, including the amendments made 
 by this Act; and
        (B) submit to Congress a report that includes--
            (i) a summary of the findings of the 
 investigation conducted under subparagraph
        (A) ; 
 and
            (ii) recommendations to improve the health, 
 safety, and educational opportunities of 
 student athletes.
            (c) Study on Olympic Sports.--

    (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United 
 States shall conduct a study--
        (A) to assess the impact of this Act on Olympic 
 Sports, including the funding of Olympic Sports; and
        (B) to develop recommendations for support of 
 Olympic Sports, given the unique nature of Olympic 
 Sports and intercollegiate athletics in the United 
 States.

    (2) Contents.--The study conducted under paragraph

    (1) shall include--
        (A) a survey of international models of support for 
 Olympic Sports, including models that could be adapted 
 to the unique nature of Olympic Sports and 
 intercollegiate athletics in the United States;
        (B) the projected scale and magnitude of potential 
 support for Olympic Sports, given historic levels of 
 support provided by institutions;
            (C) the coordination required to develop and 
 cultivate Olympic Sports at institutions; and
            (D) an analysis of the trends with respect to 
 roster sizes for Olympic Sports at institutions, with a 
 focus on the top 70 highest earning institutions with 
 respect to average annual college sports revenue.

    (3) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the 
 enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
 States shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the 
 study conducted under paragraph

    (1) .

    (4) Olympic sports defined.--In this subsection, the term 
 ``Olympic Sports'' means the sports officially recognized and 
 contested during the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

 This Act may be cited as the ``Student Compensation and Opportunity 
through Rights and Endorsements Act'' or the ``SCORE Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

 In this Act:

    (1) Agent.--The term ``agent'' means an individual who 
 receives compensation to represent a student athlete with 
 respect to--
        (A) a name, image, and likeness agreement; or
        (B) another agreement for compensation related to 
 the participation of such student athlete on a varsity 
 sports team.

    (2) Antitrust laws.--The term ``antitrust laws'' has the 
 meaning given such term in the 1st section of the Clayton Act 
 (15 U.S.C. 12) and includes 

section 5 of the Federal Trade 
 Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45) to the extent that such 

section 5 
 applies to unfair methods of competition.

    (3) Associated entity or individual.--The term ``associated 
 entity or individual'' means, with respect to an institution, 
 each of the following:
        (A) An entity that is known or should be known to 
 the employees of the athletic department of such 
 institution to exist, in significant part, for the 
 purpose of--
            (i) promoting or supporting the varsity 
 sports teams or student athletes of such 
 institution; or
            (ii) creating or identifying opportunities 
 relating to name, image, and likeness 
 agreements solely for the student athletes of 
 such institution.
        (B) An individual who is or has been a member, 
 employee, director, officer, owner, or other 
 representative of an entity described in subparagraph
        (A) .
            (C) An individual who directly or indirectly 
 (including through contributions by an entity 
 affiliated with such individual or an immediate family 
 member of such individual) has contributed more than 
 $50,000 (as adjusted on July 1 each year by the 
 percentage increase (if any), during the preceding 12-
 month period, in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban 
 Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) 
 over the lifetime of the individual to the athletic 
 programs of such institution or to an entity described 
 in subparagraph
        (A) .
            (D) An individual or entity who--
            (i) is directed or requested by the 
 employees of the athletic department of such 
 institution to assist in the recruitment or 
 retention of prospective student athletes or 
 student athletes, respectively; or
            (ii) otherwise assists in such recruitment 
 or retention.
        (E) Any entity (other than a publicly traded 
 corporation) owned, controlled, operated by, or 
 otherwise affiliated with an individual or entity 
 described in subparagraph
        (A) ,
        (B) ,
            (C) , or
            (D) .

    (4) College sports revenue.--The term ``college sports 
 revenue'' means any revenue (without regard to ownership or 
 legal title to such revenue) received by an institution with 
 respect to intercollegiate athletics--
        (A) from the sale of admission to intercollegiate 
 athletic competitions or any other event involving a 
 varsity sports team, including actual monetary revenue 
 received by or for the benefit of such institution for 
 a suite license (unless such suite license is 
 associated with philanthropy or any purpose not related 
 to intercollegiate athletic competitions, including a 
 concert);
        (B) from participation by the varsity sports teams 
 of such institution in intercollegiate athletic 
 competitions held at other institutions, including 
 payments received due to cancellations of such 
 intercollegiate athletic competitions;
            (C) for radio, television, internet, digital, and 
 e-commerce rights, including revenue relating to media 
 rights distributed by a conference to members of the 
 conference, if applicable;
            (D) from an interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association, including any grant, distribution of 
 revenue, reimbursement relating to travel with respect 
 to a championship of such interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association, and payment for hosting such a 
 championship;
        (E) generated by a post-season football bowl, 
 including any distribution of revenue by a conference 
 to members of the conference and any other payment 
 related to the participation of such institution in 
 such post-season football bowl, including for ticket 
 sales and reimbursement of expenses;
        (F) from a conference, other than any revenue 
 otherwise described in this paragraph;
        (G) for sponsorships, licensing agreements, 
 advertisements, royalties, and in-kind products and 
 services as part of a sponsorship agreement; or
        (H) relating to any additional form of revenue, 
 including fundraising, an interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association uses with respect to the pool 
 limit of such interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association.

    (5) Compensation.--The term ``compensation''--
        (A) means, with respect to a student athlete or a 
 prospective student athlete, any form of payment or 
 remuneration, whether provided through cash, benefits, 
 awards, or any other means, including payments for--
            (i) licenses relating to, or the use of, 
 name, image, and likeness rights; or
            (ii) licenses relating to, or the use of, 
 any other Federal or State intellectual or 
 intangible property right; and
        (B) does not include--
            (i) grants-in-aid;
            (ii) Federal Pell Grants and other Federal 
 or State grants unrelated to and not awarded 
 with regard to participation in intercollegiate 
 athletics;
            (iii) health insurance and payments for the 
 costs of health care, including health 
 insurance and payments for the costs of health 
 care wholly or partly self-funded by an 
 institution, conference, or interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association;
            (iv) disability and loss-of-value 
 insurance, including disability and loss-of-
 value insurance that is wholly or partly self-
 funded by an institution, conference, or 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association;
            (v) career counseling, job placement 
 services, and other guidance available to all 
 students at an institution;
            (vi) payment of hourly wages and benefits 
 for work actually performed (and not for 
 participation in intercollegiate athletics) at 
 a rate commensurate with the going rate in the 
 locality of an institution for similar work;
            (vii) academic awards paid to student 
 athletes by institutions;
            (viii) provision of financial literacy or 
 tax education resources and guidance; or
            (ix) any program to connect student 
 athletes with employers and facilitate 
 employment opportunities, if--
            (I) the financial terms of such 
 employment opportunities are consistent 
 with the terms offered to similarly 
 situated employees who are not student 
 athletes; and
            (II) such program is not used to 
 induce a student athlete to attend a 
 particular institution.

    (6) Conference.--The term ``conference'' means an entity 
 that--
        (A) has as members 2 or more institutions;
        (B) arranges regular season intercollegiate 
 athletic competitions and championships for such 
 members; and
            (C) sets rules with respect to such intercollegiate 
 athletic competitions and championships.

    (7) Cost of attendance.--The term ``cost of attendance'' 
 has the meaning given such term in 

section 472 of the Higher 
 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087ll).

    (8) Grant-in-aid.--The term ``grant-in-aid'' means a 
 scholarship, grant, stipend, or other form of financial 
 assistance, including the provision of tuition, room, board, 
 books, or funds for fees or personal expenses, that--
        (A) is paid or provided by an institution to a 
 student for the undergraduate or graduate course of 
 study of the student; and
        (B) is in an amount that does not exceed the cost 
 of attendance at the institution for such student.

    (9) Image.--The term ``image'' means, with respect to a 
 student athlete, a picture or a video that identifies, is 
 linked to, or is reasonably linkable to such student athlete.

    (10) Institution.--The term ``institution'' has the meaning 
 given the term ``institution of higher education'' in 

section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002).

    (11) Intercollegiate athletic competition.--The term 
 ``intercollegiate athletic competition'' means any contest, 
 game, meet, match, tournament, regatta, or other event in which 
 varsity sports teams of more than 1 institution compete.

    (12) Intercollegiate athletics.--The term ``intercollegiate 
 athletics''--
        (A) means the varsity sports teams for which the 
 length of time a student athlete is eligible to 
 participate and the academic standards for 
 participation are established by a conference or an 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association; and
        (B) does not include any recreational, intramural, 
 or club teams.

    (13) Interstate intercollegiate athletic association.--The 
 term ``interstate intercollegiate athletic association'' 
 means--
        (A) any entity that--
            (i) sets common rules, standards, 
 procedures, or guidelines for the 
 administration and regulation of varsity sports 
 teams and intercollegiate athletic 
 competitions;
            (ii) is composed of 2 or more institutions 
 or conferences located in more than 1 State; 
 and
            (iii) has rules or bylaws prohibiting the 
 provision of prohibited compensation to student 
 athletes and prospective student athletes; and
        (B) does not include any entity affiliated with 
 professional athletic competitions.

    (14) Likeness.--The term ``likeness'' means, with respect 
 to a student athlete, a physical or digital depiction or 
 representation that identifies, is linked to, or is reasonably 
 linkable to such student athlete.

    (15) Name.--The term ``name'' means, with respect to a 
 student athlete, the first, middle, or last name, or the 
 nickname or former name, of such student athlete if used in a 
 context that identifies, is linked to, or is reasonably 
 linkable to such student athlete.

    (16) Name, image, and likeness agreement.--The term ``name, 
 image, and likeness agreement'' means a contract or similar 
 agreement under which a student athlete licenses or authorizes, 
 or a contract or similar agreement that otherwise is in 
 relation to, the commercial use of the name, image, or likeness 
 of the student athlete.

    (17) Name, image, and likeness rights.--The term ``name, 
 image, and likeness rights'' means rights recognized under 
 Federal or State law that allow an individual to control and 
 profit from the commercial use of the name, image, and likeness 
 of such individual, including all rights commonly referred to 
 as ``publicity rights''.

    (18) Pool limit.--The term ``pool limit'' means a dollar 
 amount based on college sports revenue that--
        (A) is calculated and published by an interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association pursuant to the 
 rules the interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association establishes under 

section 6; and
        (B) serves as the annual maximum amount that an 
 institution that is a member of such interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association may provide, in 
 total, to student athletes of such institution, 
 including in the form of a name, image, and likeness 
 agreement or direct payment.

    (19) Prohibited compensation.--The term ``prohibited 
 compensation'' means--
        (A) compensation (including an agreement for 
 compensation) to a student athlete from an associated 
 entity or individual of the institution at which the 
 student athlete is enrolled (or to a prospective 
 student athlete from an associated entity or individual 
 of an institution for which the prospective student 
 athlete is being recruited) for any license or use of 
 the name, image, and likeness rights of such student 
 athlete or prospective student athlete (or any other 
 license or use), unless the license or use is for a 
 valid business purpose related to the promotion or 
 endorsement of goods or services provided to the 
 general public for profit, with compensation at rates 
 and terms commensurate with compensation paid to 
 individuals with name, image, and likeness rights of 
 comparable value who are not student athletes or 
 prospective student athletes with respect to such 
 institution; and
        (B) compensation to a student athlete (or a 
 prospective student athlete) if such compensation is 
 paid by or on behalf of the institution at which the 
 student athlete is enrolled (or for which the 
 prospective student athlete is being recruited) and 
 results in the exceeding of the pool limit established 
 by the interstate intercollegiate athletic association 
 of which such institution is a member.

    (20) Prospective student athlete.--The term ``prospective 
 student athlete'' means an individual who is solicited to 
 enroll at an institution by, or at the direction of, an 
 employee or an associated entity or individual of the 
 institution in order for such individual to participate in a 
 varsity sports team of such institution.

    (21) State.--The term ``State'' means each State of the 
 United States, the District of Columbia, and each commonwealth, 
 territory, or possession of the United States.

    (22) Student athlete.--The term ``student athlete'' means 
 an individual who--
        (A) is enrolled or has agreed to enroll at an 
 institution; and
        (B) participates in a varsity sports team of such 
 institution.

    (23) Varsity sports team.--The term ``varsity sports team'' 
 means an entity composed of an individual or group of 
 individuals enrolled at an institution that is organized by 
 such institution for the purpose of participation in 
 intercollegiate athletic competitions.

SEC. 3. PROTECTION OF NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS RIGHTS OF STUDENT 
 ATHLETES.

    (a) Right To Enter Into Name, Image, and Likeness Agreements.--

    (1) In general.--No institution, conference, or interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association may restrict the ability 
 of a student athlete to enter into a name, image, and likeness 
 agreement.

    (2) Exceptions.--
        (A) Prohibited compensation.--Paragraph

    (1) does 
 not apply with respect to a name, image, and likeness 
 agreement to the extent such agreement provides 
 prohibited compensation.
        (B) Codes of conduct and conflicting agreements.--
 Notwithstanding paragraph

    (1) , an institution may 
 restrict the ability of a student athlete of such 
 institution (including a prospective student athlete 
 who has agreed to attend such institution) to enter 
 into a name, image, and likeness agreement that--
            (i) violates the code of conduct of such 
 institution; or
            (ii) conflicts with the terms of a contract 
 or similar agreement to which such institution 
 is a party.

    (b) Right to Representation.--Except as provided by this Act, no 
institution, conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association may restrict the ability of a student athlete to obtain an 
agent.
            (c) Right to Privacy.--Except as provided by this Act, no 
institution, conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association may release information with respect to a name, image, and 
likeness agreement without the express written consent of any student 
athlete who is a party to such agreement.
            (d) Right to Transparent Agreements.--A name, image, and likeness 
agreement under which a student athlete is provided compensation in an 
amount greater than $600 shall be considered void from the inception of 
such agreement if such agreement does not satisfy the following:

    (1) The agreement is in writing.

    (2) The agreement contains the following:
        (A) A description of any services to be rendered 
 under the agreement.
        (B) The names of the parties to the agreement.
            (C) The term of the agreement.
            (D) The amount of compensation to be provided to 
 the student athlete under the agreement.
        (E) A provision specifying the circumstances or 
 events under which the agreement may be terminated due 
 to non-performance of obligations by the student 
 athlete.
        (F) A provision specifying that the student athlete 
 may terminate the agreement, notwithstanding any other 
 term described in the agreement, beginning on the date 
 that is 6 months after the date on which the student 
 athlete is no longer enrolled at any institution.
        (G) The signature of the student athlete or, if the 
 student athlete is under the age of 18 years, the 
 signature of the parent or guardian of the student 
 athlete.

    (e) Actions by States.--In any case in which the attorney general 
of a State, or an official or agency of a State, has reason to believe 
that an interest of the residents of such State has been or is 
threatened or adversely affected by an act or practice in violation of 
this section, the State, as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on 
behalf of the residents of the State in an appropriate State court or 
an appropriate district court of the United States to--

    (1) enjoin such act or practice;

    (2) enforce compliance with this section;

    (3) obtain damages, restitution, or other compensation on 
 behalf of residents of the State; or

    (4) obtain such other legal and equitable relief as the 
 court may consider to be appropriate.

SEC. 4. SPORTS AGENT RESPONSIBILITY AND TRUST ACT.

 The Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust Act (15 U.S.C. 7801 et 
seq.) is amended--

    (1) in 

section 3

    (b)

    (3) , by striking ``Warning to Student 
 Athlete: If you agree orally or in writing to be represented by 
 an agent now or in the future you may lose your eligibility to 
 compete as a student athlete in your sport.'' and inserting 
 ``Notice to Student Athlete:''; and

    (2) by adding at the end the following:

``

SEC. 9. DISCLOSURE AND CONSENT RELATING TO NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS 
 AGREEMENTS.

 ``

    (a) In General.--An athlete agent who assists a student athlete 
with an endorsement contract shall disclose in writing to the student 
athlete--
 ``

    (1) whether the athlete agent is registered with an 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association (as defined in 
 

section 2 of the SCORE Act); and
 ``

    (2) if the athlete agent is registered with an interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association, whether the athlete agent 
 is registered with the interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association that has as a member the institution (as defined in 
 

section 2 of the SCORE Act) at which the student athlete is 
 enrolled.
 ``

    (b) Consent.--In the case of an athlete agent who is not 
registered with an interstate intercollegiate athletic association, the 
athlete agent may only assist a student athlete with an endorsement 
contract if the student athlete (or, in the case of a student athlete 
who is under 18 years of age, the parent or guardian of the student 
athlete) provides to the athlete agent written consent for such 
assistance after receiving the disclosure under subsection

    (a) .
 ``
            (c) Enforcement.--
 ``

    (1) In general.--If an attorney general of a State has 
 reason to believe that an interest of the residents of that 
 State has been or is threatened or adversely affected by the 
 engagement of any athlete agent in a practice that violates 
 this section, the attorney general may bring a civil action 
 pursuant to 

section 5 in the same manner as the attorney 
 general may bring a civil action with respect to a violation of 
 

section 3.
 ``

    (2) Sole authority.--No individual or entity other than 
 an attorney general of a State may enforce this section.
 ``

    (3) No federal notice necessary.--Subsections

    (a)

    (2) ,

    (b) , and
            (d) of 

section 5 do not apply to an action brought by 
 an attorney general of a State pursuant to this subsection.''.

SEC. 5. REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN INSTITUTIONS.

    (a) Requirements.--An institution described in subsection
            (c) shall--

    (1) provide comprehensive academic support and career 
 counseling services to student athletes that include life 
 skills development programs with respect to--
        (A) mental health, including alcohol and substance 
 abuse;
        (B) strength and conditioning;
            (C) nutrition;
            (D) name, image, and likeness rights;
        (E) access to legal and tax services provided by 
 entities other than an institution;
        (F) financial literacy;
        (G) career readiness and counseling;
        (H) the process for transferring between 
 institutions; and
            (I) sexual violence prevention and consequences;

    (2) provide medical and health benefits to student athletes 
 that include--
        (A) medical care, including payment of out-of-
 pocket expenses, for an injury of a student athlete 
 incurred during the involvement of such student athlete 
 in intercollegiate athletics for such institution that 
 is available to such student athlete during the period 
 of enrollment of such student athlete with such 
 institution and a period of at least 3 years following 
 graduation or separation from such institution (unless 
 such separation is due to violation of a code of 
 conduct);
        (B) mental health services and support, including 
 mental health educational materials and resources;
            (C) an administrative structure that provides 
 independent medical care, including with respect to 
 decisions regarding return to play; and
            (D) a certification of insurance coverage for 
 medical expenses resulting from injuries of student 
 athletes incurred during the involvement of such 
 student athletes in intercollegiate athletics for such 
 institution;

    (3) maintain a grant-in-aid provided to a student athlete 
 in relation to the involvement of such student athlete in 
 intercollegiate athletics during the period of that grant-in-
 aid for such institution without regard to--
        (A) athletic performance;
        (B) contribution to team success;
            (C) injury, illness, or physical or mental 
 condition; or
            (D) receipt of compensation pursuant to a name, 
 image, and likeness agreement;

    (4) provide degree completion assistance--
        (A) for each former student athlete of such 
 institution--
            (i) who received a grant-in-aid from such 
 institution;
            (ii) who was a student athlete at such 
 institution on or after the date of enactment 
 of this Act and who ceased participating as a 
 student athlete for a reason other than a 
 reason described in clause
            (i) or
            (ii) of 
 subparagraph
            (D) ;
            (iii) who has not received a bachelor's 
 degree (or an equivalent degree) from any 
 institution; and
            (iv) for whom such institution is the last 
 institution such former student athlete 
 attended;
        (B) that makes available to such former student 
 athlete, for the period described in subparagraph
            (C) and subject to subparagraph
            (D) , financial aid in an 
 annual amount that is equal to the average annual 
 grant-in-aid provided to such former student athlete 
 during the period that such former student athlete was 
 a student athlete at such institution;
            (C) for the period beginning on the last date of 
 the final period of enrollment during which such former 
 student athlete was a student athlete at such 
 institution and ending on the date that such former 
 student athlete completes a bachelor's degree (or an 
 equivalent degree), not to exceed 7 years; and
            (D) that prohibits a former student athlete from 
 receiving the financial aid described in subparagraph
        (B) if such former student athlete--
            (i) fails to meet the institution's 
 academic progress requirements for the degree 
 program; or
            (ii) violates the institution's code of 
 conduct; and

    (5) establish, not later than July 1, 2027, and thereafter 
 maintain, at least 16 varsity sports teams and, if a recipient 
 of Federal financial assistance, establish and maintain such 
 teams in accordance with 

section 106.41
            (c) of title 34, Code of 
 Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).

    (b) Collaboration.--An institution may carry out subsection

    (a) in 
conjunction with a conference or interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association.
            (c) Applicability.--An institution is described in this subsection 
if such institution reports (as required under 

section 485

    (g) of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092

    (g) )) having generated not 
less than $20,000,000 (as adjusted on July 1 each year by the 
percentage increase (if any), during the preceding 12-month period, in 
the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the 
Bureau of Labor Statistics) in total revenue derived by the institution 
from the institution's intercollegiate athletics activities during the 
preceding academic year, as determined in accordance with paragraph

    (1)
            (I) of 

section 485

    (g) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1092

    (g) ), as amended by this Act.
            (d) Program Participation Agreements.--

Section 487

    (a) of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094

    (a) ) is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
 ``

    (30) In the case of an institution described in 
 subsection
            (c) of 

section 5 of the SCORE Act, the institution 
 will comply with subsection

    (a) of such section.''.

SEC. 6. ROLES OF INTERSTATE INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATIONS.

    (a) Authority to Establish Rules.--An interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association is authorized to establish and enforce rules with 
respect to--

    (1) requiring a student athlete or prospective student 
 athlete to disclose, in a timely manner, the terms of a name, 
 image, and likeness agreement entered into by such student 
 athlete;

    (2) establishing and implementing a process to collect and 
 publicly share aggregated and anonymized data related to the 
 name, image, and likeness agreements of student athletes 
 (without regard to whether such an agreement includes an 
 institution as a party to the agreement);

    (3) prohibited compensation, including processes for 
 dispute resolution and penalties, if such rules provide that a 
 student athlete does not lose eligibility to compete in 
 intercollegiate athletic competitions while a process for 
 dispute resolution is ongoing;

    (4) setting parameters for the manner in which and the time 
 period during which student athletes and prospective student 
 athletes may be recruited for intercollegiate athletics;

    (5) calculating a pool limit, if such rules provide that 
 such pool limit is at least 22 percent of the average annual 
 college sports revenue of the 70 highest earning (with respect 
 to such revenue) member institutions of such interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association (or, if such interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association has fewer than 70 members, 
 the average annual college sports revenue of all members), and 
 monitoring payments of compensation related to such pool limit;

    (6) setting parameters for the manner in which a student 
 athlete may transfer between institutions, if such rules 
 provide that--
        (A) on at least 1 occasion each student athlete may 
 transfer between institutions and be immediately 
 eligible to participate on a varsity sports team of the 
 institution to which the student athlete transfers (if 
 academically eligible to participate); and
        (B) an institution to which a student athlete is 
 transferring or is considering transferring shall 
 provide to such student athlete, at the request of such 
 student athlete, in writing and at a reasonable time 
 prior to completion of the transfer, a notice of the 
 previously earned academic credits of such student 
 athlete that such institution will accept, including 
 with respect to the program of study of such student 
 athlete;

    (7) the length of time a student athlete is eligible to 
 participate in intercollegiate athletics and the academic 
 standards to be eligible to participate in intercollegiate 
 athletics;

    (8) establishing and implementing a process, including a 
 database, with respect to agent registration, including--
        (A) setting qualifications to be registered as an 
 agent;
        (B) setting parameters for the ability of member 
 institutions to negotiate with agents who are not 
 registered under such process; and
            (C) limiting the amount of the compensation under a 
 name, image, and likeness agreement between a student 
 athlete and an institution that may be provided to the 
 agent of such student athlete to not more than 5 
 percent of such compensation;

    (9) the membership of, and participation in, such 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association (including any 
 championships administered by such interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association), under which such interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association may establish membership 
 qualifications, remove members, and otherwise regulate 
 participation; and

    (10) intercollegiate athletic competitions and playing 
 seasons, including rules with respect to season length, maximum 
 number of contests, and student athlete time demands (whether 
 during a playing season or outside of such season).

    (b) Requirements.--

    (1) Authority conditioned on compliance.--An interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association is only authorized to 
 establish and enforce rules under subsection

    (a) if such 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association is in 
 compliance with this subsection and 

section 3.

    (2) Governance structure.--An interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association (except for an interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association that is also a conference) shall carry out 
 the following:
        (A) Ensure that the membership of any board, 
 committee, or other similar body of such interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association, if tasked with a 
 decision-making role (including a decision-making role 
 with respect to establishing or enforcing a rule under 
 

section 6

    (a) ), satisfies the following:
            (i) Not less than 20 percent of the members 
 of the board, committee, or body are 
 individuals who are student athletes or were 
 student athletes at any point during the 
 preceding 10-year period, with--
            (I) men and women equally 
 represented with respect to such 
 individuals; and
            (II) each such individual 
 participating in or having participated 
 in a different sport.
            (ii) Not less than 30 percent of the 
 members of the board, committee, or body 
 represent institutions that are not among the 
 70 highest earning member institutions of such 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association 
 with respect to annual college sports revenue.
        (B) Establish a council to serve as the primary 
 deliberative body of the interstate intercollegiate 
 athletic association and that is--
            (i) responsible for developing proposals 
 with respect to policy; and
            (ii) composed of individuals who represent 
 each conference that is a member of such 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association.

SEC. 7. TITLE IX.

 Nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, may be 
construed to limit or otherwise affect title IX of the Education 
Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.).

SEC. 8. LIABILITY LIMITATION.

    (a) In General.--Adoption of, agreement to, compliance with, or 
enforcement of any rule, regulation, requirement, standard, or other 
provision established pursuant to, or in compliance with, 

section 6 of 
this Act shall be treated as lawful under the antitrust laws and any 
similar State provision having the force and effect of law.

    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection

    (a) may be 
construed to limit or otherwise affect any provision of law, including 
any provision of Federal or State law or the common law, other than the 
antitrust laws and any similar State provision having the force and 
effect of law.

SEC. 9. EMPLOYMENT STANDING.

 Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal or State law, no 
individual may be considered an employee of an institution, a 
conference, or an interstate intercollegiate athletic association based 
on the participation of such individual on a varsity sports team or in 
an intercollegiate athletic competition as a student athlete, without 
regard to the existence of rules or requirements for being a member of 
such team or for participating in such competition.

SEC. 10. STUDENT ATHLETIC FEES.

    (a) Transparency Requirements.--

    (1) Information dissemination activities.--

Section 485

    (a)

    (1)
        (E) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
 1092

    (a)

    (1)
        (E) ) is amended by inserting ``(including the amount 
 of such fees used to support intercollegiate athletic 
 programs)'' after ``and fees''.

    (2) Data required.--
        (A) In general.--

Section 485

    (g) of the Higher 
 Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092

    (g) ) is amended--
            (i) in paragraph

    (1) , by adding at the end 
 the following:
 ``
        (K) With respect to fees charged to students to 
 support intercollegiate athletic programs--
 ``
            (i) the total amount of such fees charged 
 to students;
 ``
            (ii) the uses of such fees with respect 
 to facilities, operating expenses, 
 scholarships, payments to athletes, salaries of 
 coaches and support staff, and any other 
 expenses reported under this paragraph; and
 ``
            (iii) the percentage of the total cost of 
 such programs covered by such fees.''; and
            (ii) in paragraph

    (3) --
            (I) by striking the period at the 
 end and inserting ``; and'';
            (II) by striking ``that all 
 students'' and inserting the following: 
 ``that--
 ``
        (A) all students''; and
            (III) by adding at the end the 
 following:
 ``
        (B) with respect to the information described in 
 paragraph

    (1)
        (K) , the institution shall annually 
 publish such information on a publicly available 
 website of the institution not later than October 15 
 following the end of each fiscal year of the 
 institution.''.
        (B) Effective date.--The amendments made by 
 subparagraph
        (A) shall take effect on July 1, 2026, and 
 shall apply with respect to academic year 2026-2027 and 
 each succeeding academic year.

    (b) Restricting Student Fees for High-media-rights-revenue 
Institutions.--

    (1) Media rights revenues.--

Section 485

    (g)

    (1)
            (I) 
            (ii) of the 
 Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092

    (g)

    (1)
            (I) 
            (ii) ) is 
 amended by striking ``broadcast revenues'' and inserting 
 ``media rights revenues (including revenues from broadcasting, 
 streaming, or digital distribution of intercollegiate athletic 
 events)''.

    (2) Program participation agreements.--

Section 487

    (a) of 
 the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094

    (a) ), as 
 amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end 
 the following:
 ``

    (31)
        (A) Beginning in academic year 2028-2029, and each 
 succeeding academic year, the institution will determine the 
 average annual media rights revenue of such institution by 
 averaging the media rights revenues reported under 

section 485

    (g)

    (1)
            (I) for the second and third preceding academic years.
 ``
        (B) In the case of an institution with an average annual 
 media rights revenue of $50,000,000 or more, as determined 
 under subparagraph
        (A) for an academic year, the institution 
 will not, for the first academic year that begins after such 
 academic year, use student fees to support intercollegiate 
 athletic programs (including with respect to facilities, 
 operating expenses (as defined in 

section 485

    (g)

    (5) ), 
 scholarships, payments to athletes, salaries of coaches and 
 support staff, and any other expenses reported under 

section 485

    (g)

    (1) ).''.

SEC. 11. PREEMPTION.

    (a) In General.--No State, or political subdivision of a State, may 
maintain, enforce, prescribe, or continue in effect any law, rule, 
regulation, requirement, standard, or other provision having the force 
and effect of law that conflicts with this Act, including the 
amendments made by this Act, and that--

    (1) governs or regulates the compensation, payment, 
 benefits, or employment status of a student athlete (including 
 a prospective student athlete) with respect to participation in 
 intercollegiate athletics, including any law, rule, regulation, 
 requirement, standard, or other provision that--
        (A) relates to the right of a student athlete to 
 receive compensation or other payments or benefits 
 directly or indirectly from any institution, associated 
 entity or individual, conference, or interstate 
 intercollegiate athletic association; or
        (B) relates to the length of time a student athlete 
 is eligible to participate in intercollegiate athletics 
 or the academic standards to be eligible to participate 
 in intercollegiate athletics;

    (2) limits or restricts a right provided to an institution, 
 a conference, or an interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association under this Act; or

    (3) requires a release of or license to use the name, 
 image, and likeness rights of any individual participant, or 
 group of participants, in an intercollegiate athletic 
 competition (or an individual spectator or group of spectators 
 at an intercollegiate athletic competition) for purposes of 
 audio-visual, audio, or visual broadcasts or other 
 distributions of such intercollegiate athletic competition.

    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in subsection

    (a) may be 
construed to--

    (1) relieve any person of liability under a State law of 
 general applicability that does not conflict with this Act, 
 including the amendments made by this Act; or

    (2) relieve any person of liability under common law.

SEC. 12. REPORTS.

    (a) Federal Trade Commission Study.--

    (1) Study.--The Federal Trade Commission shall conduct a 
 study to analyze the impacts of establishing a program, 
 administered by an entity independent of any institution, 
 conference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic association, 
 to develop standards for, certify as compliant with such 
 standards, and otherwise regulate agents who enter into 
 agreements with student athletes, which shall include an 
 analysis of--
        (A) options for establishing such a program;
        (B) potential sources of funding for such a 
 program;
            (C) a reasonable timeline for establishing such a 
 program; and
            (D) the costs and benefits associated with such a 
 program.

    (2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
 enactment of this Act, the Federal Trade Commission shall 
 submit to Congress a report on the results of the study 
 conducted under paragraph

    (1) , which shall include legislative 
 recommendations with respect to the establishment and funding 
 of the program described in such paragraph.

    (b) Compliance Reporting.--

    (1) Biennial report.--Not later than 180 days after the 
 date of the enactment of this Act, and every 2 years 
 thereafter, each interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 association shall submit to Congress a report that includes--
        (A) a summary of the issues faced by such 
 interstate intercollegiate athletic association 
 relating to compliance with this Act, including the 
 amendments made by this Act;
        (B) a summary of the trends among institutions, 
 conferences, and interstate intercollegiate athletic 
 associations relating to such compliance; and
            (C) recommendations to improve the health, safety, 
 and educational opportunities of student athletes.

    (2) Comptroller general report.--Not later than 5 years 
 after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 5 years 
 thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States 
 shall--
        (A) conduct an investigation with respect to 
 compliance with this Act, including the amendments made 
 by this Act; and
        (B) submit to Congress a report that includes--
            (i) a summary of the findings of the 
 investigation conducted under subparagraph
        (A) ; 
 and
            (ii) recommendations to improve the health, 
 safety, and educational opportunities of 
 student athletes.
            (c) Study on Olympic Sports.--

    (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United 
 States shall conduct a study--
        (A) to assess the impact of this Act on Olympic 
 Sports, including the funding of Olympic Sports; and
        (B) to develop recommendations for support of 
 Olympic Sports, given the unique nature of Olympic 
 Sports and intercollegiate athletics in the United 
 States.

    (2) Contents.--The study conducted under paragraph

    (1) shall include--
        (A) a survey of international models of support for 
 Olympic Sports, including models that could be adapted 
 to the unique nature of Olympic Sports and 
 intercollegiate athletics in the United States;
        (B) the projected scale and magnitude of potential 
 support for Olympic Sports, given historic levels of 
 support provided by institutions;
            (C) the coordination required to develop and 
 cultivate Olympic Sports at institutions; and
            (D) an analysis of the trends with respect to 
 roster sizes for Olympic Sports at institutions, with a 
 focus on the top 70 highest earning institutions with 
 respect to average annual college sports revenue.

    (3) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the 
 enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
 States shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the 
 study conducted under paragraph

    (1) .

    (4) Olympic sports defined.--In this subsection, the term 
 ``Olympic Sports'' means the sports officially recognized and 
 contested during the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
 Union Calendar No. 226

119th CONGRESS

 1st Session

 H. R. 4312

 [Report No. 119-270, Parts I and II]

_______________________________________________________________________

 A BILL

To protect the name, image, and likeness rights of student athletes and 
to promote fair competition with respect to intercollegiate athletics, 
 and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

 September 11, 2025

 Reported from the Committee on Energy and Commerce with an amendment

 September 11, 2025

 Reported from the Committee on Education and Workforce with an 
 amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State 
 of the Union, and ordered to be printed